艾滋病毒前整合转录和宿主对抗性
1Center for Infectious Disease Research, George Mason University, Manassas, Virginia, United States.
Current HIV research
|June 22, 2023
概括
未整合的HIVDNA可以在整合之前被转录,产生调节宿主细胞的病毒蛋白质. 这种早期的转录受病毒蛋白和宿主细胞刺激的影响,对于理解艾滋病毒感染和开发基因疗法至关重要.
科学领域:
- 病毒学 病毒学
- 分子生物学分子生物学
- 免疫学 免疫学 免疫学
背景情况:
- 复原病毒的整合是必不可少的,但未整合的DNA (uDNA) 在感染期间会积累.
- 简单的逆转录病毒沉默uDNA,但复杂的逆转录病毒,如艾滋病毒展现前集成转录.
- 这种早期的转录产生病毒RNA和蛋白质,即使有宿主沉默机制.
研究的目的:
- 研究艾滋病毒前整合转录的现象和意义.
- 探索病毒辅助蛋白 (Vpr,Tat) 在对抗uDNA的表观遗传沉默中的作用.
- 了解宿主细胞刺激如何影响预整合转录和病毒产生.
主要方法:
- 从未整合的HIVDNA中分析病毒RNA和蛋白质合成.
- 研究艾滋病毒辅助蛋白Vpr和Tat的作用.
- 对宿主细胞刺激 (细胞因子,PKC激活剂,HDAC抑制剂) 对预整合转录的影响的评估.
主要成果:
- 艾滋病毒前整合转录生成所有病毒RNA类和功能早期蛋白质,如Nef和Tat.
- 病毒辅助蛋白Vpr和Tat积极抵消宿主的uDNA的表观遗传沉默.
- 宿主细胞刺激显著增强了整合前转录,导致低水平的病毒产生.
结论:
- 艾滋病毒前整合转录是一种早期的功能过程,涉及病毒蛋白,操纵宿主表观遗传防御.
- 了解这一过程对于了解艾滋病毒的持续性,宿主病毒相互作用和整合酶抑制剂耐药性至关重要.
- 未集成的lentiviral载体提供了一个更安全的基因疗法的替代方案,通过避免插入性突变发生.
关键词:
艾滋病毒未整合的DNA尼弗尼夫 (Nef Nef Nef) 是指一个有价值的资产.这就是为什么Rev. Rev.这就是Tat Tat Tat.这就是Vpr Vpr.在这种情况下,染色染色素基因素脱乙酶抑制剂 基因素脱乙酶抑制剂在整合前的转录转录.更多相关视频
13:47Lentiviral Vector Platform for the Efficient Delivery of Epigenome-editing Tools into Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell-derived Disease Models
Published on: March 29, 2019
9.7K
07:18High Throughput In Vitro Assessment of Latency Reversing Agents on HIV Transcription and Splicing
Published on: January 22, 2019
5.9K
相关概念视频
Size and Structure of Viral Genomes
67
Viral genomes exhibit remarkable diversity in size, structure, and composition, influencing their replication strategies and interactions with host cells. These genomes consist of either DNA or RNA and may be linear or circular. Additionally, they can be single-stranded or double-stranded, with each configuration affecting how the virus propagates within a host. RNA viruses, for instance, generally have smaller genomes than DNA viruses, a factor that contributes to their high mutation rates and...
67
Retrovirus Life Cycles
46.2K
Retroviruses have a single-stranded RNA genome that undergoes a special form of replication. Once the retrovirus has entered the host cell, an enzyme called reverse transcriptase synthesizes double-stranded DNA from the retroviral RNA genome. This DNA copy of the genome is then integrated into the host’s genome inside the nucleus via an enzyme called integrase. Consequently, the retroviral genome is transcribed into RNA whenever the host’s genome is transcribed, allowing the...
46.2K
Retroviruses
12.5K
Retroviruses and retrotransposons both insert copies of their genetic elements into the genome of the host cell. Thus, the viral genes are passed on when the host genome is replicated or translated. A typical retroviral DNA sequence contains 3-4 genes that encode the different proteins required for its structural assembly and function as a molecular parasite. This DNA is transcribed into a single mRNA, which is very similar in structure to conventional mRNAs, i.e., it is capped at the 5’...
12.5K
Viruses with RNA Genomes
58
RNA viruses are categorized into positive-strand, negative-strand, or double-stranded groups based on their genomic structure and replication mechanisms. This classification dictates how they exploit host cellular machinery for protein synthesis and replication. Some RNA viruses also utilize reverse transcription as part of their life cycle, further diversifying their replication strategies.Positive-Strand RNA VirusesPositive-strand RNA viruses have genomes that function directly as messenger...
58
Mechanisms of Retrovirus-induced Cancers
5.1K
Retroviruses are RNA viruses that have been shown to cause cancers in diverse species, including chickens, mice, cats, and monkeys. The RNA genomes of these viruses are first reverse-transcribed into single and then double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) copies. This dsDNA called proviral DNA then integrates into the host genome. Subsequently, the host cell transcribes the proviral DNA in concert with the chromosomal DNA. This leads to the production of viral RNA and proteins that assemble at the host...
5.1K
LTR Retrotransposons
17.6K
LTR retrotransposons are class I transposable elements with long terminal repeats flanking an internal coding region. These elements are less abundant in mammals compared to other class I transposable elements. About 8 percent of human genomic DNA comprises LTR retrotransposons. Some of the common examples of LTR retrotransposons are Ty elements in yeast and Copia elements in Drosophila.
The internal coding region of LTR retrotransposons and their mechanism of transposition closely resembles a...
The internal coding region of LTR retrotransposons and their mechanism of transposition closely resembles a...
17.6K
