[在俄罗斯消费的香料中的真菌毒素]
Z A Chalyy1, M G Kiseleva1, I B Sedova1
1Federal Research Centre of Nutrition, Biotechnology and Food Safety, 109240, Moscow, Russian Federation.
Voprosy pitaniia
|June 22, 2023
概括
香料和草药经常被真菌毒素污染,构成公共卫生风险. 这项研究在俄罗斯样本中发现了高水平的黄毒素,tentoxin, ochratoxin A 和 fumonisin B2,其中一些超过了欧盟限制.
科学领域:
- 食品安全与毒理学
- 菌类学和植物病理学
背景情况:
- 全球广泛使用的香料和草药容易受到真菌污染,导致真菌毒素存在.
- 毒素是来自的有毒二次代谢产物,如阿斯伯吉卢斯,尼西,沙和阿尔特纳里亚,在从收获到消费的各个阶段可以污染食品.
- 评估香料和草药中的真菌毒素污染是非常重要的,因为它们经常被纳入即食食品中.
研究的目的:
- 为了调查香料和草药的污染与菌毒素从阿斯伯吉卢斯,Penicillium,Fusarium和Alternaria属.
- 评估消费这些食品组每人潜在的菌毒素摄入量.
- 提供第一个关于俄罗斯联邦香料和草药中真菌毒素污染的报告.
主要方法:
- 分析了155个香料和草本样本,使用超高性能液态染色学与双重质谱学 (UHPLC-MS/MS) 相结合.
- 一个综合性菌毒素清单的量化,包括青毒素, ochratoxin A,fumonisins,T-2毒素,deoxynivalenol,zearalenone,以及新兴的菌毒素,如 tentoxin 和 beauvericin.
- 检测到的阿弗拉托克辛B1水平与欧盟最高允许限值的比较.
主要成果:
- 检测到受管制的真菌毒素有显著的污染:阿弗拉托克辛 (高达48.2微克/千克),奥拉托克辛A (高达14微克/千克),烟素B1 (高达722.6微克/千克) 和烟素B2 (高达79.6微克/千克).
- 新兴的真菌毒素也很普遍,tentoxin在36%的样本中被发现 (高达10.9μg/kg),而老在8%的样本中被发现 (高达161.5μg/kg).
- 超过60%的样本含有多种真菌毒素;9个样本超过了欧盟对亚毒素B1的限制 (5μg/kg).
结论:
- 这项研究提供了俄罗斯联邦香料和草药中真菌毒素污染的第一个数据.
- 亚毒素,毒素,毒素A和毒素B2的高发生率突出显示了严重的污染.
- 潜在的高阿弗拉托克辛B1摄入量表明,与食用受污染的香料,草药和衍生食品相关的公共卫生风险.
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