在高功能自闭症患者中对自我报告反应偏差的评估
Marilyn A Sher1,2, Caroline Oliver1
1School of Psychology, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK.
概括
这项研究发现,高功能自闭症成年人通常在PDS和SIMS等欺骗尺度上得分很高,可能错误地表明了反应偏差. 这些发现质疑对自闭症个体的这些措施的使用.
科学领域:
- 心理学 心理学 心理学
- 神经发育障碍 神经发育障碍
- 心理测量 心理测量 心理测量
背景情况:
- 自闭症谱系障碍 (ASD) 是一种影响社会互动和沟通的神经发育状况.
- 标准化心理评估对于了解不同人群的认知和行为模式至关重要.
- 高功能自闭症 (HFA) 代表有自闭症的个体,他们拥有平均到平均以上的智力.
研究的目的:
- 在一个高功能自闭症 (HFA) 成人样本中,建立Paulhus欺骗量表 (PDS) 和SIMS结构化目录的规范性数据.
- 调查HFA个人的自我报告措施中的潜在响应偏差.
- 检查PDS和SIMS得分以及人口统计/心理因素之间的关系.
主要方法:
- 匿名在线管理PDS和SIMS对HFA成年人的社区样本.
- 从16个国家的70名参与者收集数据.
- 统计分析以确定规范性得分并确定显著关系.
主要成果:
- 大多数PDS和SIMS的分级和总分数超过了自我报告响应偏差的既定切断值.
- 这些指标的高分数与高等教育水平和心理痛苦有显著的关联.
- 这些发现表明,在HFA个体中,有误解故意响应扭曲的可能性.
结论:
- 这项研究引发了对PDS和SIMS结果在给HFA个体时的有效性的重大担忧.
- 目前对响应偏差的切断值可能不适合这个人群.
- 在解释这些措施时,建议谨慎,特别是在涉及HFA个人的高风险环境中.
相关概念视频
Self-Report Tests of Personality
392
Self-report inventories are objective personality assessments that use multiple-choice items or numbered scales, typically ranging from 1 (strongly disagree) to 5 (strongly agree). They are often called Likert scales after Rensis Likert. These inventories are widely used due to their ease of administration and cost-effectiveness. One of the most prominent examples is the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI), initially developed in the 1940s to assess abnormal personality traits.
392
Autism Spectrum Disorder
163
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental condition marked by persistent deficits in social communication and interaction alongside restrictive and repetitive behaviors or interests. ASD is sometimes accompanied by intellectual impairment.
These core symptoms manifest differently among individuals, ranging from mild to severe. The disorder's complexity extends beyond its clinical presentation, encompassing a diverse range of biological, cognitive, and sociocultural influences.
These core symptoms manifest differently among individuals, ranging from mild to severe. The disorder's complexity extends beyond its clinical presentation, encompassing a diverse range of biological, cognitive, and sociocultural influences.
163
Modeling in Therapy
127
Modeling, a key technique in therapy, uses observational learning to help clients acquire and practice new skills by watching therapists demonstrate desired behaviors. This approach, rooted in Albert Bandura's concept of vicarious learning, plays a significant role in therapeutic interventions for various psychological conditions, including social anxiety, ADHD, and depression.
Participant Modeling
Participant modeling involves therapists demonstrating calm and effective behaviors in...
Participant Modeling
Participant modeling involves therapists demonstrating calm and effective behaviors in...
127
Self-Presentation: Self-Monitoring and Self-Handicapping
39.1K
People can go to great lengths to protect their self-image and present themselves in ways that they want others to see them. Sociologist Erving Goffman presented the idea that a person is like an actor on a stage. Calling his theory dramaturgy, Goffman believed that we use “impression management” to present ourselves to others as we hope to be perceived. Each situation is a new scene, and individuals perform different roles depending on who is present (Goffman, 1959). Think about...
39.1K
Self-Evaluation: Self-Enhancement and Self-Verification
5.2K
Social psychologists have documented that feeling good about ourselves and maintaining positive self-esteem is a powerful motivator of human behavior (Tavris & Aronson, 2008). In the United States, members of the predominant culture typically think very highly of themselves and view themselves as good people who are above average on many desirable traits (Ehrlinger, Gilovich, & Ross, 2005). Often, our behavior, attitudes, and beliefs are affected when we experience a threat to our...
5.2K
Self-Schemas
31.2K
In general, a schema is a mental construct consisting of a cluster or collection of related concepts (Bartlett, 1932). There are many different types of schemata, and they all have one thing in common: schemata are a method of organizing information that allows the brain to work more efficiently. When a schema is activated, the brain makes immediate assumptions about the person or object being observed.
31.2K


