研究人员如何让口头谎言检测对实践者更有吸引力
Aldert Vrij1, Ronald P Fisher2, Sharon Leal1
1Department of Psychology, University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth, UK.
概括
由于采访风格和缺乏明确的欺骗指标,从业人员抵制口头谎言检测. 研究人员需要解决这些问题,以便有效地进行口头欺骗分析.
科学领域:
- 心理学 心理学 心理学
- 法医科学 法医科学 法医科学
- 沟通研究 沟通研究
背景情况:
- 在过去的30年里,欺骗检测研究已经从非语言线索转向语音内容分析.
- 实践者表示不愿意采用口头谎言检测方法,而不是传统的非语言方法.
研究的目的:
- 识别和讨论从业者在口头谎言检测中所感知的挑战.
- 为了突出从业者的期望和口头欺骗分析当前研究之间的差异.
- 为研究人员提出解决这些已确定的问题的途径.
主要方法:
- 对从业人员关于口头谎言检测的反和不情愿的定性分析.
- 关于口头欺骗线索及其诊断实用性的现有文献的审查.
- 确定关键挑战,包括采访技巧,诊断线索,真实与欺骗指标,决策规则,谎言特异性和文化变异.
主要成果:
- 实践者发现当前的采访风格不适合口头谎言检测.
- "总细节"提示,一个关键的口头指标,被认为不适合用于谎言检测目的.
- 存在一种不匹配:从业者寻找欺骗迹象,而研究人员专注于真实性指标.
- 缺乏确定的切线点,不同谎言类型的不同指标和文化定义构成重大挑战.
结论:
- 实践者采用口头谎言检测有很大的障碍阻碍了这些障碍.
- 解决从业人员对面试方法,提示实用性和明确决策规则的担忧至关重要.
- 未来的研究必须考虑谎言的特异性和文化背景,以进行有效的口头欺骗分析.
相关概念视频
01:22Eyewitness Memory
138
Eyewitness memory refers to the recollection of events by someone who has directly witnessed them, often serving as critical evidence in legal settings. This type of memory is commonly used in criminal cases where a witness describes details like a suspect's appearance, clothing, or behavior during a crime. However, despite its perceived reliability, eyewitness memory is prone to significant errors.
One such error is memory distortion, which occurs because human memory does not function...
One such error is memory distortion, which occurs because human memory does not function...
138
03:00Self-Evaluation: Self-Enhancement and Self-Verification
5.2K
Social psychologists have documented that feeling good about ourselves and maintaining positive self-esteem is a powerful motivator of human behavior (Tavris & Aronson, 2008). In the United States, members of the predominant culture typically think very highly of themselves and view themselves as good people who are above average on many desirable traits (Ehrlinger, Gilovich, & Ross, 2005). Often, our behavior, attitudes, and beliefs are affected when we experience a threat to our...
5.2K
01:18False Memories
115
False memories represent a cognitive distortion in which individuals recall events that did not happen, or remember them in an altered form. This phenomenon highlights the brain's constructive nature in processing and recalling memories, emphasizing that memory is not a perfect representation of past events but rather a dynamic reconstruction influenced by various factors.
One primary source of false memories is misattribution, where individuals incorrectly associate external information...
One primary source of false memories is misattribution, where individuals incorrectly associate external information...
115
01:56Ethics in Research
23.1K
Today, scientists agree that good research is ethical in nature and is guided by a basic respect for human dignity and safety. However, this has not always been the case. Modern researchers must demonstrate that the research they perform is ethically sound.
23.1K
02:05Self-Presentation: Self-Monitoring and Self-Handicapping
39.1K
People can go to great lengths to protect their self-image and present themselves in ways that they want others to see them. Sociologist Erving Goffman presented the idea that a person is like an actor on a stage. Calling his theory dramaturgy, Goffman believed that we use “impression management” to present ourselves to others as we hope to be perceived. Each situation is a new scene, and individuals perform different roles depending on who is present (Goffman, 1959). Think about...
39.1K