使用自我监督的特征学习来改进脉冲氧计信号的使用,以预测儿科住院治疗
Paul Mwaniki1, Timothy Kamanu2, Samuel Akech1
1Kenya Medical Research Institute/Wellcome Trust Research Programme, Nairobi, Kenya.
Wellcome open research
|June 22, 2023
概括
自主监督学习 (SSL) 有效地提取光电显微镜 (PPG) 信号的特征,用于预测儿科住院治疗. SSL模型还可以初始化深度学习模型,通过利用大型未标记数据集来提高性能.
科学领域:
- 生物医学工程 生物医学工程
- 医疗保健中的机器学习
- 信号处理 信号处理
背景情况:
- 机器学习应用程序通常需要先前了解数据-任务关系,从而限制它们在新情景中的使用.
- 端到端深度学习通过绕过功能工程提供解决方案,但需要大量的标记数据,这在医疗应用中很少.
- 自主监督学习 (SSL) 是一种有前途的方法,可以从原始医疗信号中自动提取特征,例如光电聚光学 (PPG).
研究的目的:
- 调查SSL在从PPG信号中自动提取特征的有效性,以预测儿科住院治疗.
- 为了比较物流回归和端到端深度学习模型的性能,使用SSL提取的功能与传统方法相比.
- 评估利用大型未标记的PPG数据集对SSL模型性能的影响.
主要方法:
- 经过训练的SSL模型从通过脉冲氧计获得的原始PPG信号中提取特征.
- 使用临床特征,SSL特征和组合特征进行对比后勤回归模型.
- 评估的端到端深度学习模型是随机初始化的,具有标记数据的SSL权重,以及具有所有数据的SSL权重.
- 仅使用标记数据评估SSL模型性能,而不是组合标记和未标记数据.
主要成果:
- 仅在标记PPG信号上训练的物流回归模型显示出更高的预测性能 (AUC 0.83),而不是那些在组合标记和未标记信号上训练的模型 (AUC 0.80).
- 当与临床特征连接时,SSL特征来自组合的标记和未标记数据,与单独的临床特征 (AUC 0.87) 相比,SSL特征改善了住院预测 (AUC 0.89).
- 从所有数据中初始化SSL权重的端到端深度学习模型的AUC达到0.80,超过随机初始化 (AUC0.73).
结论:
- SSL有效地从PPG信号中提取预测特征,用于医院预测,并可以初始化深度学习模型.
- 使用SSL使用更大的未标记数据集可以提高模型性能,特别是在处理有限的标记医疗数据时.
- 在应用机器学习到医疗任务中,SSL提供了一种可行的策略来克服数据稀缺的挑战.
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