长期暴露于宏化物对肠道微生物群的影响及其对代谢控制的影响
Jocelyn M Choo1,2, Alyce M Martin3, Steven L Taylor1,2
1Microbiome and Host Health Program, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia.
Microbiology spectrum
|June 22, 2023
概括
对呼吸道疾病的长期宏类药物治疗会改变肠道微生物群,影响碳水化合物代谢和宿主免疫和代谢调节. 这些变化是由改变的肠道细菌驱动的,影响宿主生理学.
科学领域:
- 微生物学 微生物学
- 免疫学 免疫学 免疫学
- 胃肠病学 胃肠病学
背景情况:
- 长期低剂量宏类药物治疗对于慢性呼吸系统疾病是常见的,利用免疫调节效应.
- 麦克罗化物具有抗菌性质,可以影响肠道微生物群,这是宿主生理学的关键调节者.
- 之前关于宏类对肠道微生物群的影响的研究主要集中在短时间内,并没有完全探索宿主免疫和代谢后果.
研究的目的:
- 研究临床相关的低剂量宏类药物治疗对肠道开始微生物学的影响.
- 为了确定肠道微生物群中的类物质诱导的变化是否会影响系统性免疫和代谢调节.
- 阐明肠道微生物组在调解化物相关生理变化的作用.
主要方法:
- 健康的成年人接受了为期4周的低剂量红色素或亚齐红色素.
- 分析了肠道微生物组的组成和碳水化合物代谢的能力.
- 测量了免疫 (IL-5,IL-10,MCP-1) 和代谢 (血清素,C-) 稳定性的系统生物标志物.
- 来自暴露于红红素的捐赠者的小鼠微生物群被移植到没有细菌的小鼠中.
主要成果:
- 麦克罗利德治疗导致肠道微生物组合的持续变化,减少碳水化合物代谢和短链脂肪酸生物合成能力.
- 在暴露于宏化物后,观察到全身免疫和代谢生物标志物的变化.
- 微生物群移植研究表明,化物诱导的新陈代谢平衡和胃肠机动性的变化是由肠道微生物群介导的,但系统性免疫调节不是.
结论:
- 长期低剂量宏类药物治疗可以显著改变肠道微生物组的组成和功能.
- 这些微生物组的变化可以影响宿主系统性免疫和代谢调节.
- 了解化物-肠道微生物群相互作用对于管理潜在风险和优化慢性疾病治疗策略至关重要.
相关概念视频
Introduction to the Human Microbiota
Microorganisms colonize various regions of the human body, including the mouth, nasal passages, throat, stomach, intestines, urogenital tract, and skin. The total number of microbial cells is estimated to range from 10¹³ to 10¹⁴—comparable to, or exceeding, the number of human somatic cells. This host–microbiome relationship has led to the conceptualization of humans as supraorganisms, wherein microbial communities perform vital roles in development, immunity, and disease...
The Oral Microbiota
The oral microbiome includes a complex ecosystem comprising over 700 microbial species, identified through genomic sequencing and culture-based analyses to date. This community includes a core microbiome, found universally among individuals, and a variable component influenced by environmental factors such as diet, lifestyle, and host genetics. Site-specific conditions, including oxygen gradients, pH levels, and nutrient availability, determine the spatial distribution of these microorganisms...
Microbiota of the Large Intestine
The large intestine hosts the most densely populated microbial ecosystem in the human body. This complex community primarily consists of anaerobic bacteria, with Bacillota (formerly Firmicutes) and Bacteroidota (formerly Bacteroidetes) as the predominant groups. The distribution of these microbes varies along different sections of the large intestine, influenced by local environmental factors such as oxygen availability and nutrient composition.The cecum, located at the beginning of the large...
Functions of the Gut Microbiota
The gut microbiota includes trillions of microorganisms that colonize the human gastrointestinal tract, including bacteria, archaea, viruses, and fungi. This complex ecosystem plays a critical role in maintaining intestinal and systemic health. Most of these microbes inhabit the large intestine, establishing a relatively stable and diverse community that contributes to gut homeostasis through various metabolic, immunological, and protective mechanisms.Dominant bacterial phyla, such as...
Dysbiosis of the Gut Microbiota
The human gut microbiome includes a diverse array of microbial species, including beneficial commensals and opportunistic pathogens, which interact to support host health. These microbes contribute to essential functions such as nutrient metabolism, immune system modulation, and maintenance of intestinal barrier integrity. However, disruptions to this equilibrium—referred to as dysbiosis—can have widespread physiological consequences.Dysbiosis is often characterized by reduced microbial...
Microbiota Modulation by Antibiotics
Antibiotics have revolutionized modern medicine by saving countless lives from bacterial infections. However, their widespread use has inadvertently harmed the delicate balance of the human gut microbiota. The gut microbiota, a complex community of bacteria, archaea, viruses, and fungi, plays a vital role in regulating metabolism, immune responses, and maintaining intestinal health. Antibiotics, especially broad-spectrum types, disrupt this ecosystem by eradicating both harmful and beneficial...


