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相关概念视频

Naturalistic Observations02:30

Naturalistic Observations

15.5K
If you want to understand how behavior occurs, one of the best ways to gain information is to simply observe the behavior in its natural context. However, people might change their behavior in unexpected ways if they know they are being observed. How do researchers obtain accurate information when people tend to hide their natural behavior? As an example, imagine that your professor asks everyone in your class to raise their hand if they always wash their hands after using the restroom. Chances...
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Attribution Theory00:56

Attribution Theory

13.0K
Behavior is a product of both the situation (e.g., cultural influences, social roles, and the presence of bystanders) and of the person (e.g., personality characteristics). Subfields of psychology tend to focus on one influence or behavior over others. Situationism is the view that our behavior and actions are determined by our immediate environment and surroundings. In contrast, dispositionism holds that our behavior is determined by internal factors (Heider, 1958).
13.0K
The Sense of Self: Reflected Self-Appraisal and Social Comparison02:57

The Sense of Self: Reflected Self-Appraisal and Social Comparison

50.1K
According to Charles Cooley, we base our image on what we think other people see (Cooley 1902). We imagine how we must appear to others, then react to this speculation. We don certain clothes, prepare our hair in a particular manner, wear makeup, use cologne, and the like—all with the notion that our presentation of ourselves is going to affect how others perceive us. We expect a certain reaction, and, if lucky, we get the one we desire and feel good about it. But more than that, Cooley...
50.1K
Self-Schemas02:16

Self-Schemas

31.2K
In general, a schema is a mental construct consisting of a cluster or collection of related concepts (Bartlett, 1932). There are many different types of schemata, and they all have one thing in common: schemata are a method of organizing information that allows the brain to work more efficiently. When a schema is activated, the brain makes immediate assumptions about the person or object being observed.
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Self-Presentation: Self-Monitoring and Self-Handicapping02:05

Self-Presentation: Self-Monitoring and Self-Handicapping

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People can go to great lengths to protect their self-image and present themselves in ways that they want others to see them. Sociologist Erving Goffman presented the idea that a person is like an actor on a stage. Calling his theory dramaturgy, Goffman believed that we use “impression management” to present ourselves to others as we hope to be perceived. Each situation is a new scene, and individuals perform different roles depending on who is present (Goffman, 1959). Think about...
39.1K

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相关实验视频

Updated: Jul 26, 2025

A System for Tracking the Dynamics of Social Preference Behavior in Small Rodents
08:38

A System for Tracking the Dynamics of Social Preference Behavior in Small Rodents

Published on: November 21, 2019

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情境评估方法 (SAM2):确定习惯性行为中的个人差异.

Léo Dutriaux1, Naomi E Clark2, Esther K Papies3

  • 1Laboratoire sur les Interactions Cognition, Action, Émotion (LICAÉ), Université Paris Nanterre, Nanterre Cedex, France.

PloS one
|June 22, 2023
PubMed
概括

情境评估方法 (SAM2) 提供了一种新的方法来衡量个体差异,通过在现实世界的背景下评估结构. 这种方法是用SAM2习惯性行为仪表证明的,它揭示了对行为和人格相互作用的重大情境影响.

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Enactive Phenomenological Approach to the Trier Social Stress Test: A Mixed Methods Point of View
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Enactive Phenomenological Approach to the Trier Social Stress Test: A Mixed Methods Point of View

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Assessment of Social Interaction Behaviors
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Assessment of Social Interaction Behaviors

Published on: February 25, 2011

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相关实验视频

Last Updated: Jul 26, 2025

A System for Tracking the Dynamics of Social Preference Behavior in Small Rodents
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A System for Tracking the Dynamics of Social Preference Behavior in Small Rodents

Published on: November 21, 2019

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Enactive Phenomenological Approach to the Trier Social Stress Test: A Mixed Methods Point of View
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Enactive Phenomenological Approach to the Trier Social Stress Test: A Mixed Methods Point of View

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科学领域:

  • 认知心理学 认知心理学
  • 个人差异 研究 研究 研究 个人差异
  • 行为科学 行为科学

背景情况:

  • 传统的评估方法往往从情境上下文中抽象出来.
  • 接地,定位和体现的认知为理解个人差异提供了替代框架.
  • 处境行动循环概述了影响环境行为的关键因素.

研究的目的:

  • 引入和验证情况评估方法 (SAM2) 来评估个人差异.
  • 开发和测试SAM2习惯性行为仪器 (SAM2 HBI).
  • 探索情境因素和情境行动周期对习惯性行为的影响.

主要方法:

  • 开发了基于情境经验和情境行动周期的情况评估方法 (SAM2).
  • 为实证测试创建了SAM2习惯性行为仪器 (SAM2 HBI).
  • 对442名参与者进行了三项研究,使用特征级别和情境评估.

主要成果:

  • SAM2 HBI在习惯性行为规律性方面表现出强大的个体差异.
  • 观察到情况的显著影响和情况对个体的相互作用.
  • SAM2的测量结果显示了构造和内容的有效性,与情境行动周期的因素 (一致性,自动性,奖励) 和人格特征 (自我控制,神经性) 相对相关.

结论:

  • SAM2提供了一种有效和可靠的方法,用于在环境中评估习惯性行为.
  • 情境因素和认知情感过程显著解释了行为变异.
  • 该方法突出了习惯性行为,奖励,自我控制和神经病症之间的相互作用.