麻醉,发育中的大脑,以及用于神经保护的德克斯梅托米丁
Alexandra Tsivitis1, Ashley Wang1, Jasper Murphy2
1Department of Anesthesiology, Stony Brook University Hospital, Stony Brook, New York, NY, United States.
Frontiers in neurology
|June 23, 2023
概括
一般麻醉剂可能会引起神经毒性,影响大脑发育. 德克斯梅德托米丁是一种独特的镇静剂,在动物研究中显示出神经保护性质,可能提供更安全的麻醉替代品.
科学领域:
- 麻醉学 麻醉学
- 神经科学是一个神经科学.
- 药理学 药理学是指药理学的学科.
背景情况:
- 麻醉诱导的神经毒性是一个问题,动物研究表明,全身麻醉剂可以导致神经亡和神经发育障碍.
- 将这些发现转化为人类的临床实践仍然具有挑战性,尽管一些证据表明,在早期麻醉暴露后,人类的行为影响是持久的.
研究的目的:
- 探索德克斯梅德托米丁作为一种可以绕过麻醉引起的神经毒性的麻醉剂的潜力.
- 为了审查德克斯梅德托米丁的神经保护性质.
主要方法:
- 对研究麻醉诱导的神经毒性的动物模型研究的审查.
- 对德克斯梅托米丁对亡,缺血,炎症和神经可塑性影响的临床前数据的检查.
- 对德克斯梅托米丁的药理概况的分析,包括其对α-2 adrenoceptors和imidazoline类型2受体的作用.
主要成果:
- 动物研究表明,全身麻醉剂可以诱导神经亡并损害神经发育.
- 在各种动物模型中,德克斯梅德托米丁显示出对亡,缺血和炎症的神经保护作用.
- 在临床前研究中,Dexmedetomidine已被证明可以保持神经可塑性.
结论:
- 德克斯梅德托米丁的证明神经保护性质和保持神经可塑性的能力将其定位为一种潜在的麻醉剂,以减轻麻醉引起的神经毒性的风险.
- 需要进一步的临床研究来证实这些神经保护作用在人类患者中.
更多相关视频
06:38Use of a Piglet Model for the Study of Anesthetic-induced Developmental Neurotoxicity AIDN: A Translational Neuroscience Approach
Published on: June 11, 2017
11.3K
09:49Assessing Changes in Synaptic Plasticity Using an Awake Closed-Head Injury Model of Mild Traumatic Brain Injury
Published on: January 20, 2023
3.2K
相关概念视频
Parenteral Anesthetics: Overview
160
Intravenous anesthetics are drugs administered parenterally to induce anesthesia or sedation. Propofol is a widely used agent formulated as a 1% emulsion in soybean oil, glycerol, and egg phosphatide. It induces rapid anesthesia primarily due to its rapid distribution from the bloodstream to target tissues and is metabolized in the liver. However, it can cause significant pain on injection and hypertriglyceridemia. Fospropofol, a water-based prodrug of propofol, lacks these adverse effects.
160
Stages of General Anesthesia
513
Various sedation levels offer significant advantages in facilitating procedural interventions for patients undergoing medical or invasive surgical procedures. These levels span from anxiolysis to general anesthesia, providing a spectrum of sedative effects to cater to specific patient needs. Anxiolysis reduces anxiety and is achieved through minimal sedation, enabling patients to remain awake and responsive while feeling more at ease during the procedure. This level can benefit minor...
513
General Anesthesia: Overview
245
Anesthesia is a medical procedure that uses drugs for CNS suppression to enable painless surgeries and procedures. The selection of anesthetics is influenced by their pharmacokinetic properties, side effects, and patient characteristics. Various types of anesthesia include general, local, regional, spinal, and inhalational.
General anesthesia induces unconsciousness in the whole body, while the others target specific areas or sensations. It is administered to minimize adverse effects, maintain...
General anesthesia induces unconsciousness in the whole body, while the others target specific areas or sensations. It is administered to minimize adverse effects, maintain...
245
Sedatives and Hypnotics Drugs: Benzodiazepines
303
Benzodiazepines have both sedative and hypnotic properties. They include compounds such as diazepam (Valium) and alprazolam (Xanax). Structurally, their cores are similar, consisting of the fusion of a benzene ring and a diazepine ring, but they share a common mechanism of action in the central nervous system (CNS).
Benzodiazepines work by enhancing the effects of the inhibitory neurotransmitter GABA. They bind to the GABAA receptor, increasing its affinity for GABA, which opens chloride...
Benzodiazepines work by enhancing the effects of the inhibitory neurotransmitter GABA. They bind to the GABAA receptor, increasing its affinity for GABA, which opens chloride...
303
Local Anesthetics: Adverse Effects
457
While local anesthetics are generally safe and well-tolerated, they can occasionally cause adverse effects that vary in severity. Local anesthetics can induce toxicity at two distinct levels. They can either produce local effects through direct contact with the neural elements or be absorbed into the bloodstream from the injection site, leading to systemic effects.
Once absorbed into the systemic circulation, local anesthetics can affect the organs that depend on the functioning of sodium...
Once absorbed into the systemic circulation, local anesthetics can affect the organs that depend on the functioning of sodium...
457
