在美国吸烟的成年人中,尼古丁依赖的模式和特征,2006-2019年
Beth Han1, Emily B Einstein1, Wilson M Compton1
1National Institute on Drug Abuse, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland.
JAMA network open
|June 23, 2023
概括
从2006年到2019年,美国成年人中尼古丁依赖的患病率下降,但在老年人中仍然最高,特别是那些患有严重抑郁症 (MDE) 和/或物质使用障碍 (SUD) 的老年人. 需要量身定制的戒烟策略.
科学领域:
- 公共卫生 公共卫生
- 流行病学 流行病学
- 成 药物 药物 药物 药物
背景情况:
- 尼古丁依赖是持续吸烟的重要危险因素,是可预防死亡的主要原因.
- 关于尼古丁依赖如何与年龄,精神疾病和社会人口统计因素相关的证据有限.
研究的目的:
- 调查美国成年人吸烟者中尼古丁依赖的流行情况.
- 检查尼古丁依赖如何根据年龄,年龄,精神病并发症 (严重抑郁情节/物质使用障碍) 和社会人口统计特征而变化.
主要方法:
- 探索性连续横截面研究利用来自2006-2019年国家药物使用和健康调查的152,354名美国成年人的数据.
- 使用尼古丁依赖综合征尺度或尼古丁依赖法格斯特罗姆测试来评估尼古丁依赖.
- 根据DSM-IV-TR标准进行评估的严重抑郁症 (MDE) 和/或物质使用障碍 (SUD).
主要成果:
- 尼古丁依赖的调整后流行率从2006年的59.52%下降到2019年的56.00% (P < .001).
- 与50岁及以上的年轻人 (18-49岁) 相比,尼古丁依赖的患病率在年轻人 (18-49岁) 中较低.
- 患病率因年龄,MDE/SUD状态和社会人口统计学特征而有显著差异,50岁以上的成年人患病率最高 (2019年为64.43%).
结论:
- 从2006年到2019年,在26岁及以上的美国成年吸烟者中观察到尼古丁依赖的显著减少.
- 50岁及以上的成年人,特别是患有MDE和/或SUD的成年人,患有尼古丁依赖率最高.
- 针对这个人群,针对年龄和并发性疾病的量身定制的,基于证据的戒烟策略至关重要.
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