什么是如此困难的层次控制? 在基于提示和串行顺序的控制结构中确定处理约束
1University of Oregon, Eugene, OR, United States.
Cognitive psychology
|June 23, 2023
概括
层次任务结构根据控制类型不同地增加认知负载. 序列订单任务会带来全局成本,而基于提示的任务则显示与上下文更新相关的本地成本.
科学领域:
- 认知科学 认知科学
- 神经科学是一个神经科学.
- 人与计算机的交互
背景情况:
- 大多数复杂的任务都涉及到等级结构,其中决策取决于先前的更高层次的选择.
- 阶层层次上升对任务难度的确切影响尚不清楚,关于成本本地化 (本地更新与全球整合) 的理论存在竞争.
- 任务导航可以基于提示 (环境提示) 或基于序列顺序 (顺序计划),可能会影响认知需求.
研究的目的:
- 调查层次层次的数量如何影响任务性能.
- 在层次任务中区分本地更新成本和全球整合/维护成本.
- 检查控制格式 (序列顺序与基于提示) 对等级任务成本的影响.
主要方法:
- 进行了两项实验,评估不同层次和控制格式 (序列顺序和基于提示) 的性能.
- 运用计算建模来比较对认知成本的不同理论解释.
- 绩效指标被分析为层次深度和控制策略的函数.
主要成果:
- 在串行订单格式中,性能成本随着分层层次的增加而扩大,与全球维护和集成需求相一致.
- 在基于提示的格式中,成本主要在上下文更新和包含一个额外的相关级别时被观察到.
- 除了直接相关的更高级别之外,基于提示的任务中的额外级别并没有显著增加成本.
结论:
- 与层次任务结构相关的认知成本在很大程度上取决于所使用的控制机制.
- 序列订单控制需要在所有层次上整合信息,从而导致全球成本.
- 基于线索的控制包括检查直接更高层次的背景,从而在更新点和下一个相关层次上产生本地化成本.
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