三种塑料形式的表征:塑料混凝土,塑料金属和塑料材料
Julius A Ellrich1, Sonja M Ehlers2, Shunji Furukuma3
1Shelf Sea System Ecology, Alfred Wegener Institute Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research, 27498 Helgoland, Germany.
The Science of the total environment
|June 24, 2023
概括
研究人员发现了三种新的塑料形式:塑料混凝土,塑料金属和塑料材料. 这些新型材料通过人类,环境和生物相互作用形成,沉没并在沿海环境中持续存在,影响塑料污染的命运.
科学领域:
- 环境科学 环境科学
- 地质地质地质地质地质地
- 材料科学 材料科学 材料科学
背景情况:
- 塑料污染是一个全球性问题,世界各地记录了各种塑料形式.
- 现有的塑料形式是由于热聚变,燃烧,磨损和与焦油结合等相互作用而产生的.
- 了解这些形式对于评估塑料在环境中的命运至关重要.
研究的目的:
- 描述在赫尔戈兰岛发现的三种新型塑料形式:塑料混凝土,塑料金属和塑料材料.
- 研究这些新型塑料的形成机制和环境命运.
- 要确定这些塑料形式是局部或广泛的现象.
主要方法:
- 基于构成的塑料形式的表征 (例如,聚乙烯,聚烯,混凝土,金属).
- 漂浮测试用于评估浮力和机动性.
- 实地实验和监测以观察现场的行为和寿命.
- 记录这些塑料形式在不同地理位置的发生情况.
主要成果:
- 塑料混凝土 (混凝土中的PE/PP纤维),塑料金属 (带有生金属的PE纤维) 和塑料纤维 (无脊椎动物结合的PE纤维) 的发现和描述.
- 塑料混凝土和塑料金属是由两个人工材料组成的第一个塑料形式.
- 所有已识别的塑料形式均表现出≥1.4g/cm3的散装密度,导致它们沉没.
- 这些形式在实地实验中显示出有限的移动性和寿命,表明了局部形成.
- 脱离的塑料纤维漂浮,突出了塑料命运上形状创造的影响.
- 沿海的动态 (波浪,风) 影响了沉积物中的塑性混凝土沉积.
- 关于塑料混凝土 (马洛卡) 和塑料金属 (日本海) 的第一份记录表明,这些不是孤立的事件.
结论:
- 新型塑料形式 (塑混凝土,塑金属,塑材料) 源自复杂的人类,环境和生物相互作用.
- 这些密集的塑料形式有助于持续的沿海污染,因为它们的移动性低,寿命长.
- 这些塑料聚合物的形成显著改变了塑料纤维的环境命运.
- 这些形式的广泛存在需要进一步研究它们对海洋生态系统的全球影响.
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