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Updated: Jul 25, 2025

Probing the Brain in Autism Using fMRI and Diffusion Tensor Imaging
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Probing the Brain in Autism Using fMRI and Diffusion Tensor Imaging

Published on: September 12, 2011

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儿童发育MRI (CDM) 项目:通过多维方法阐明注意力缺陷/多动障碍和自闭症谱系障碍的病理生理学的多中心,横截面研究的协议

Masatoshi Yamashita1,2, Kuriko Kagitani-Shimono2,3,4, Yoshiyuki Hirano2,5

  • 1Research Centre for Child Mental Development, University of Fukui, Fukui, Japan.

BMJ open
|June 24, 2023
PubMed
概括

这项研究使用先进的神经成像来澄清患有注意力缺陷/多动症障碍 (ADHD) 和自闭症谱系障碍 (ASD) 的儿童的大脑差异,整合遗传和行为数据以获得全面的理解.

关键词:
儿童和青少年精神病学发育神经学和神经障碍儿科神经学 儿科神经学

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Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder01:30

Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder

Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by persistent inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity. It affects approximately 5-8% of children globally, with around 60-70% of cases persisting into adulthood. ADHD has significant implications for educational attainment, social interactions, and occupational success.
Diagnostic Criteria and Symptoms
To diagnose ADHD, symptoms must manifest before age 12 and be evident across multiple settings....
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Autism Spectrum Disorder

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental condition marked by persistent deficits in social communication and interaction alongside restrictive and repetitive behaviors or interests. ASD is sometimes accompanied by intellectual impairment.
These core symptoms manifest differently among individuals, ranging from mild to severe. The disorder's complexity extends beyond its clinical presentation, encompassing a diverse range of biological, cognitive, and sociocultural influences.
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Theoretical Approaches to Psychological Disorder

The development of psychological disorders, which are characterized by deviant, maladaptive, and personally distressing behaviors, has been explored through several theoretical approaches.
Biological approach
The biological approach posits that internal, organic factors are the primary causes of such disorders. This perspective emphasizes brain structure and function, genetic predispositions, and neurotransmitter imbalances. For example, schizophrenia has been associated with both genetic...
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Modeling in Therapy

Modeling, a key technique in therapy, uses observational learning to help clients acquire and practice new skills by watching therapists demonstrate desired behaviors. This approach, rooted in Albert Bandura's concept of vicarious learning, plays a significant role in therapeutic interventions for various psychological conditions, including social anxiety, ADHD, and depression.
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