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在普通的两个MHC类中,具有高的功能性等位基因多样性和副本数

Jamie Winternitz¹, Nayden Chakarov², Tony Rinaud²

¹Department of Animal Behaviour, Bielefeld University, Morgenbreede 45, 33615, Bielefeld, Germany. jamie.winternitz@uni-bielefeld.de.

BMC ecology and evolution

|June 24, 2023

概括

常见表现出较高的主要基因相容性复合体 (MHC) 多样性,平衡选择对MHC类I和II都起作用. 与预测相反,在这种掠食鸟中,在MHC类之间没有发现差异性的选择压力.

科学领域:

免疫遗传学免疫遗传学
进化生物学进化生物学
鸟类学鸟类学是一门学科.

背景情况:

主性基因相容性复合体 (MHC) 对于适应性免疫非常重要,并以其高多态性而闻名.
在鸟类中,MHC基因拷贝数量和多样性各不相同,非传鸟类的拷贝数量通常比传鸟类的拷贝数量少.
之前的研究表明,非乘客中MHC类I和II的选择模式不同,但新的测序技术允许进行更全面的分析.

研究的目的:

在普通 (Buteo buteo) 中充分描述MHC的两个类和域.
测试MHC变异和MHC类别I和II的差异性选择压力的预测. 在非游行物种中.
为了利用高通量测序进行详细的MHC分析.

主要方法:

利用了基因,基因组和转录组高通量测序数据.
标志着来自常见鸟小的MHC I类异构3和MHC IIB类异构2等位基因.
包括来自MHC I类异构体2和MHC IIA类异构体2的基因组数据,以分析整个结槽.

主要成果:

在普通中确定了两个MHC类的至少三个功能位点.
最初在MHC-IIB异构2中发现了比MHC-I异构3更高的序列多态性和多样化的选择.
揭示了MHC-I异构2和MHC-IIB异构2之间的可比多态,其中MHC-IIA异构2是不变的,否定了类之间的差异性选择.
检测到平衡选择对常见MHC和跨物种多态性作用的证据,跨越3300万年.

结论:

在常见中证实了两个MHC类的意想不到的高副本数量和等位基因多样性.
证明平衡选择作用于两个MHC类,但没有发现它们之间的差异性选择压力的证据.
建议这些发现可能更广泛地适用,因为在其他物种中分析了研究不足的MHC外型.

关键词:

捕食鸟类的捕食鸟类的捕食鸟类不过,这只是一个不合时宜的选择.标志性描述标志性描述副本数量变化的变化基因型定制是指基因型定制.高通量测序的高通量测序长读序列的测序方式主要的组织相容性复杂.非经典的MHC是一种非典型的MHC.类结合残留物类结合残留物胺结合槽的结合槽.在RNAseqqq中使用.选择选择选择选择跨物种的多态性.

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