从神经认知测试和青少年特征中对儿童ADHD症状的可概括预测
Alexander Weigard1, Katherine L McCurry2, Zvi Shapiro3
1Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, USA. asweigar@med.umich.edu.
Translational psychiatry
|June 24, 2023
概括
机器学习模型可以利用神经认知能力和其他因素预测儿童注意力缺陷/多动症 (ADHD) 症状. 这些模型显示出对青少年ADHD症状的概括性预测有前途.
科学领域:
- 神经科学是一个神经科学.
- 发展心理学 发展心理学
- 机器学习 机器学习
背景情况:
- 儿童注意力缺陷/多动障碍 (ADHD) 与神经认知发育有关,但缺乏预测模型.
- 之前的研究表明,ADHD神经认知评估的临床实用性得到了不同的结果.
- 需要大规模努力,利用各种数据预测ADHD症状.
研究的目的:
- 开发和验证机器学习模型,用于预测青少年的多动症症状.
- 量化神经认知能力和其他ADHD特征的预测价值.
- 评估预测模型在不同数据环境中的通用性.
主要方法:
- 利用了青少年大脑认知发展 (ABCD) 研究的数据 (N>10,000名年轻人).
- 开发了使用基线神经认知,人口统计和儿童/家庭因素进行交叉验证的机器学习模型.
- 预测家长和教师在1年和2年的随访中报告的ADHD症状.
主要成果:
- 模型解释了1年多动症症状的15-20%,2年多动症症状的12-13%.
- 在研究地点观察到高通用性,预测功率损失最小.
- 神经认知,性别,冲动性,家长监测和屏幕时间是重要的预测因素.
结论:
- 神经认知能力和其他儿童特征对于预测ADHD症状具有重要价值.
- 开发的模型为预测新数据集中的个体ADHD症状提供了基础方法.
- 这种方法支持在不同人群中开发可通用的ADHD预测模型.
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