细胞死亡或存活:了解mRNA转化控制的作用
Nupur Bhatter1, Sergey E Dmitriev2, Pavel Ivanov3
1Division of Rheumatology, Inflammation and Immunity, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
Seminars in cell & developmental biology
|June 25, 2023
概括
细胞应激通过转化控制改变蛋白质合成,影响细胞生存. 本综述探讨了细胞如何通过调节转化水平的基因表达来适应压力.
科学领域:
- 细胞生物学 细胞生物学
- 分子生物学分子生物学
- 生物化学 生化学
背景情况:
- 细胞应激是细胞生理学的一个基本方面,影响细胞命运.
- 全球蛋白质合成的调节,称为转化控制,在细胞应激反应中至关重要.
- 应激反应途径监测细胞生长,并修改转化体以获得最佳的蛋白质生产.
研究的目的:
- 审查分子机制,信号通路和细胞应激期间参与转化控制的目标.
- 阐明翻译重编程是如何促进细胞适应和在压力下生存的.
- 突出转化控制在哺乳动物细胞生理学中的低估作用.
主要方法:
- 这是一篇综述性文章,综合了现有研究.
- 讨论涉及翻译机制,RNA结合蛋白,mRNA和非编码RNA的分子机制.
- 对信号通路的分析,这些信号通路在应对压力时调解转化控制.
主要成果:
- 转化控制是细胞应激期间的关键调节层.
- 细胞组件之间的复杂相互作用协调了翻译性重编程.
- 特定的分子机制和信号通路参与应激适应.
结论:
- 转化控制对于细胞适应压力至关重要,影响细胞生存或死亡.
- 了解翻译性重编程为细胞命运决定提供了洞察力.
- 进一步研究转化控制的目标和途径是有必要的.
相关概念视频
02:24Regulation of Expression Occurs at Multiple Steps
22.8K
Gene expression can be regulated at almost every step from gene to protein. Transcription is the step that is most commonly regulated. This involves the binding of proteins to short regulatory sequences on the DNA. This association can either promote or inhibit the transcription of a gene associated with the respective sequence.
Transcription results in the generation of precursor (pre-mRNA) that consists of both exons and introns, which needs further processing before being translated to a...
Transcription results in the generation of precursor (pre-mRNA) that consists of both exons and introns, which needs further processing before being translated to a...
22.8K
01:23Regulation of Expression at Multiple Steps
951
The gene expression in cells is regulated at different stages: (i) transcription, (ii) RNA processing, (iii) RNA localization, and (iv) translation. Transcriptional regulation is mediated by regulatory proteins such as transcription factors, activators, or repressors—these control gene expression by initiating or inhibiting the transcription of genes. Once a precursor or pre-mRNA is produced, it undergoes post-transcriptional modification, including 5' capping, splicing, and the...
951
02:51mRNA Stability and Gene Expression
5.7K
The structure and stability of mRNA molecules regulates gene expression, as mRNAs are a key step in the pathway from gene to protein. In eukaryotes, the half-life of mRNA varies from a few minutes up to several days. mRNA stability is essential in growth and development. The absence of the proteins regulating its stability, such as tristetraprolin in mice, can cause systemic issues, including bone marrow overgrowth, inflammation, and autoimmunity.
Cis-acting Elements involved in mRNA stability
Cis-acting Elements involved in mRNA stability
5.7K
02:31Nuclear Export of mRNA
7.7K
Before mRNAs are exported to the cytoplasm, it is crucial to check each mRNA for structural and functional integrity. Eukaryotic cells use several different mechanisms, collectively known as mRNA surveillance, to look for irregularities in mRNAs. Irregular or aberrant mRNA are rapidly degraded by various enzymes. If a defective mRNA escapes the surveillance, it would be translated into a protein which would either be non-functional or not function properly. One of the primary irregularities in...
7.7K
02:27Nonsense-mediated mRNA Decay
10.7K
The Upf proteins that carry out nonsense-mediated decay (NMD) are found in all eukaryotic organisms, including humans. Each protein has an individual role, but they need to work in collaboration. Upf1 is an ATP-dependent RNA helicase that unwinds the RNA helix. Because Upf1 can unwind any RNA, Upf2 and Upf3 are required to help Upf1 discriminate between nonsense and normal mRNAs.
Usually, Upf3 binds to an Exon Junction Complex (EJC) at mRNA splice sites. If a ribosome fully translates the mRNA,...
Usually, Upf3 binds to an Exon Junction Complex (EJC) at mRNA splice sites. If a ribosome fully translates the mRNA,...
10.7K
01:29Translational Regulation
45
Translational regulation in prokaryotes ensures efficient protein synthesis by controlling ribosome access to mRNA. This regulation is mediated by secondary RNA structures, including translational riboswitches, RNA thermometers, and small RNAs (sRNAs), which respond to intracellular and environmental signals to modulate gene expression.Translational RiboswitchesRiboswitches in the leader region of mRNAs can regulate translation by altering the accessibility of the Shine-Dalgarno (SD) sequence,...
45