减少细胞内紧张和细胞粘附促进开放的染色质结构,并增强细胞重编程
Jennifer Soto1, Yang Song1, Yifan Wu1
1Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA.
Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany)
|June 26, 2023
概括
减少细胞粘附和细胞骨张力通过改变表观遗传标记来增强诱导的神经元重编程. 这表明机械线索调节细胞命运的决定,并为细胞重编程提供了新的策略.
科学领域:
- 细胞生物学 细胞生物学
- 表观遗传学 在表观遗传学中,表观遗传学是指表观遗传学.
- 生物技术是生物技术.
背景情况:
- 细胞类型转换在再生医学中至关重要.
- 细胞内机械转导在细胞重编程中的作用尚不清楚.
- 焦点粘附 (FAs) 和细胞骨是细胞机械性质的关键调节者.
研究的目的:
- 通过FA和细胞骨对细胞重编程过程中的表观遗传状态产生影响.
- 确定调节细胞骨张力和细胞粘附是否会影响诱导的神经元 (iN) 重编程的效率.
主要方法:
- 在早期iN重编程过程中研究了细胞骨结构和细胞机械性质的变化.
- 使用遗传和物理方法操纵了actin细胞骨张力和细胞粘附.
- 分析了全球和基因特异性的表观遗传修饰 (DNA甲基化,异性染色素, euchromatin).
- 利用微型和纳米拓面来改变细胞粘附.
主要成果:
- 在iN重编程过程中,Ascl1转基因增加了actin细胞骨架组装和细胞张力.
- 减少细胞骨张力或细胞粘附抑制了间酶体基因表达,并促进了 chromatin 的开放.
- 通过调节神经元基因促进者的表观遗传标记,降低细胞内张力提高了IN重编程效率.
- 微型和纳米拓表面减少了细胞粘附,改善了NN重编程.
结论:
- 乙细胞骨和FA对于细胞命运确定过程中的表观遗传调节至关重要.
- 调节机械线索,特别是减少细胞粘附和张力,增强神经元重编程.
- 研究结果提供了对细胞重编程的新生物工程策略的见解.
相关概念视频
Chromatin Modification in iPS Cells
1.7K
Chromatin modification alters gene expression; therefore, scientists can add histone-modifying enzymes, histone variants, and chromatin remodeling complexes to somatic cells to aid reprogramming into pluripotent stem (iPS) cells.
Compact chromatin makes reprogramming difficult. Enzymes, such as histone demethylases and acetyltransferases, are often added during reprogramming to loosen the chromatin, making the DNA more accessible to transcription factors. Molecules that inhibit histone...
Compact chromatin makes reprogramming difficult. Enzymes, such as histone demethylases and acetyltransferases, are often added during reprogramming to loosen the chromatin, making the DNA more accessible to transcription factors. Molecules that inhibit histone...
1.7K
Somatic to iPS Cell Reprogramming
2.2K
Reprogramming alters the gene expression in somatic cells, transforming them into induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells over several generations. Scientists can reprogram cells by introducing genes for four transcription factors—Oct4, Sox2, Klf4, and c-Myc (OSKM) by viral or non-viral methods. These factors are also known as Yamanaka factors after Shinya Yamanaka, who first generated iPS cells using mouse skin cells. Yamanaka was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 2012...
2.2K
Methods of Nuclear Reprogramming
1.8K
Nuclear reprogramming is a process of transforming one cell type into an unrelated cell type by epigenetic changes that alter the cell’s original gene expression pattern. Such epigenetic changes force cells to express a different set of genes, which play a significant role in inducing transformation into other cell types. Nuclear reprogramming offers applications in reproductive cloning for livestock propagation and regenerative medicine — developing patient-specific cells for...
1.8K
Introduction to Nuclear Reprogramming
2.0K
Nuclear reprogramming is the process of switching gene expression of one cell type to that of another cell type, usually from a differentiated cell state to an undifferentiated cell state. Differentiation occurs during processes such as development and morphogenesis, tissue regeneration, and malignancy. Cells can also be artificially induced to reprogram their gene expression by techniques such as nuclear transfer, induced pluripotency, and cell fusion. Such techniques have many applications in...
2.0K
Spreading of Chromatin Modifications
8.3K
The histone proteins in the nucleosomes are post-translationally modified (PTM) to increase or decrease access to DNA. The commonly observed PTMs are methylation, acetylation, phosphorylation, and ubiquitination of lysine amino acids in the histone H3 tail region. These histone modifications have specific meaning for the cell. Hence, they are called "histone code". The protein complex involved in histone modification is termed as "reader-writer" complex.
Writers
The writer...
Writers
The writer...
8.3K
Duplication of Chromatin Structure
5.6K
The process of chromosome duplication during cell division requires genome-wide disruption and re-assembly of chromatin. The chromatin structure must be accurately inherited, reassembled, and maintained in the daughter cells to ensure lineage propagation.
The basic unit of the chromatin is the nucleosome, consisting of DNA wrapped around octameric histone proteins and short stretches of linker DNA separating individual nucleosomes. The histone proteins within the nucleosome have their...
The basic unit of the chromatin is the nucleosome, consisting of DNA wrapped around octameric histone proteins and short stretches of linker DNA separating individual nucleosomes. The histone proteins within the nucleosome have their...
5.6K


