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相关概念视频

Language Development01:22

Language Development

403
Children master language quickly and with relative ease, supported by both biological predisposition and reinforcement. B. F. Skinner (1957) proposed that language is learned through reinforcement, while Noam Chomsky (1965) argued that language acquisition mechanisms are biologically determined.
The critical period for language acquisition suggests that the ability to acquire language is at its peak early in life. As people age, this proficiency decreases. Language development begins very...
403
Components of Language01:24

Components of Language

329
Language, whether spoken, signed, or written, consists of specific components: lexicon and grammar. The lexicon is the vocabulary of a language, comprising its words. Grammar is the set of rules used to convey meaning through the lexicon. For example, English grammar adds “-ed” to most verbs to indicate past tense. Words are formed by combining phonemes, which are the basic sound units of a language. Different languages have different sets of phonemes (e.g., “ah” vs.
329
Language and Cognition01:27

Language and Cognition

377
Language serves as a bridge between ideas and communication, influencing how individuals perceive and interact with the world. Psychologists have long debated whether language shapes thought or vice versa. This discussion gained grip with Edward Sapir and Benjamin Lee Whorf in the 1940s, who proposed that language determines thought, a concept known as linguistic determinism. They suggested that the vocabulary and structure of a language influence how its speakers think and perceive reality.
377
Language01:16

Language

250
Language is a unique communication system that uses words and systematic rules to organize and transmit information. Unlike other forms of communication, which may involve postures, movements, odors, or vocalizations, language relies on symbols and grammar. This makes human communication distinct from that of other species, who also communicate but do not use language in the same way humans do.
Corballis and Suddendorf (2007) and Tomasello and Rakoczy (2003) highlight the role of language in...
250
Structuralism01:26

Structuralism

709
Structuralism, an early psychological theory developed by Wilhelm Wundt and his student Edward Bradford Titchener, sought to dissect the human mind into its most fundamental components. Wundt's groundbreaking work in his laboratory set the stage for Titchener to define structuralism's goal as cataloging the "atoms" of the mind—sensations, images, and feelings—akin to how chemists identify elements of matter.
Titchener's approach to structuralism was unique. He...
709
Structure of Self01:29

Structure of Self

459
Sigmund Freud's model of the human psyche is often illustrated using an iceberg analogy. The iceberg's visible tip represents the conscious mind, which includes thoughts and perceptions that individuals are immediately aware of. However, the larger, submerged portion of the iceberg represents the unconscious mind, a reservoir of repressed desires, instincts, and memories. According to Freud, human behavior is primarily shaped by this hidden realm.
Components of the Mind: Id, Ego, and...
459

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相关实验视频

Updated: Jul 25, 2025

Experience is Instrumental in Tuning a Link Between Language and Cognition: Evidence from 6- to 7- Month-Old Infants' Object Categorization
05:35

Experience is Instrumental in Tuning a Link Between Language and Cognition: Evidence from 6- to 7- Month-Old Infants' Object Categorization

Published on: April 19, 2017

6.7K

在一个孩子的语言经验中找到结构

Wentao Wang1, Wai Keen Vong1, Najoung Kim1,2

  • 1Center for Data Science, New York University.

Cognitive science
|June 26, 2023
PubMed
概括

在一个孩子的语言输入上训练的神经网络学习语法和语义词类. 视觉数据提供了轻微的收益,表明核心语言知识可以从有限的发展经验中学习.

科学领域:

  • 认知科学 认知科学
  • 计算语言学 计算语言学
  • 发展心理学 发展心理学

背景情况:

  • 神经网络擅长自然语言处理,但需要大量的训练数据.
  • 儿童获得语言的投入要比典型的AI模型少得多.
  • 分布式学习者从有限的自然数据中提取语言知识的潜力未被充分探索.

研究的目的:

  • 为了研究神经网络可以从单个孩子的发育语言数据中获得什么语言知识.
  • 为了比较语言单独模型与视觉和语言模型的学习能力.
  • 确定视觉输入对人工模型语言学习的影响.

主要方法:

  • 在单个孩子的自我中心视觉数据和文本成绩单的纵向数据集上训练仅语言和视觉和语言神经网络.
  • 分析语法 (例如名词,动词) 和语义类别的新兴词汇集群.
  • 评估模型对语言可接受性的敏感性对比 (例如,协议,论证结构).

主要成果:

  • 神经网络形成了与语法和语义类别相对应的词汇集群,反映了人类语言的获取.
  • 模型表现出对语法可接受性现象的敏感性,例如确定词-名词协议和参数结构.
  • 整合视觉信息在词语预测中提供了渐进的改进,特别是在视觉基础类别中,而不会从根本上改变语言表示.
关键词:
儿童发展 儿童发展第一人称视频第一人称视频语言学习 语言学习可以学习的学习能力.多模式学习是多模式学习.神经网络的神经网络的神经网络统计学学习 统计学学习

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Last Updated: Jul 25, 2025

Experience is Instrumental in Tuning a Link Between Language and Cognition: Evidence from 6- to 7- Month-Old Infants' Object Categorization
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Experience is Instrumental in Tuning a Link Between Language and Cognition: Evidence from 6- to 7- Month-Old Infants' Object Categorization

Published on: April 19, 2017

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结论:

  • 相当多的语言知识,包括语法和语义分类,可以从有限的自然语言样本中学习.
  • 视觉输入在人工模型中为语言学习提供了一些好处,但对于获得核心语言结构而言并不必不可少.
  • 这项研究强调了从早期发展经验中学习基本语言知识的可用性,为人工智能和人类语言学习提供了洞察力.