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儿童和成年人表现出对物体顶部和场景底部的常见垂直注意力偏差
Matthew D Langley1, Kaitlin Van Houghton1, Michael K McBeath1
1Department of Psychology, Arizona State University.
Developmental psychology
|June 26, 2023
概括
儿童和成年人都有垂直注意力偏差 (VAB),专注于对象顶部和场景底部. 然而,这种偏见在儿童中不那么明显,并且随着年龄的增长而增强,在8岁时达到成人水平.
科学领域:
- 认知心理学 认知心理学
- 发展心理学 发展心理学
- 视觉感知 视觉感知 视觉感知
背景情况:
- 成年人表现出垂直注意力偏差 (VAB),将注意力集中在对象的顶部和场景的底部,与环境的承受能力和向下看的视线保持一致.
- 儿童中VAB的发育轨迹尚不清楚,由于尺寸和相互作用差异或与行动空间的早期合而导致偏差减少的可能性.
研究的目的:
- 与成年人相比,研究幼儿垂直注意偏差 (VAB) 的发展时间表.
- 确定VAB是否存在于4-7岁儿童中,以及与成人VAB相比.
主要方法:
- 参与者 (50名4-7岁儿童,53名成年人) 在线观看物体和场景的自然主义摄影三重画.
- 使用相似性判断任务,将测试图像与共享顶部或底部特征的相邻图像进行比较.
主要成果:
- 儿童和成人都表现出一种共同的VAB,专注于对象顶部和场景底部.
- 在成年人中,VAB显著强于儿童.
- 在儿童组中,VAB随着年龄的增长而增加,在8岁左右达到成人水平.
结论:
- 幼儿的感知系统在很大程度上与他们的行动空间和负担能力保持一致,类似于成年人,尽管身体尺寸和环境相互作用的差异不同.
- 垂直注意力偏差逐渐发展,在4-7岁之间发生显著的成熟,并在8岁时接近成人水平.
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