采用人工智能:熟悉如何产生信任和蔑视
Michael C Horowitz1, Lauren Kahn2, Julia Macdonald3
1University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA USA.
概括
人类行为,不仅仅是技术,推动了人工智能 (AI) 和自主系统的采用. 熟悉性增加了对AI应用程序的支持,但直接的个人影响可以减少它,特别是对于熟悉的任务.
科学领域:
- 社会科学 社会科学 社会科学
- 技术与社会 技术与社会
- 人与计算机的交互
背景情况:
- 人工智能 (AI) 和自主技术的社会整合是复杂的.
- 技术传播主要是由人类的行为和偏好塑造的,而不仅仅是技术进步.
- 了解公众对人工智能应用的看法对于预测采用率至关重要.
研究的目的:
- 研究人类偏好如何影响采用支持人工智能的自主技术.
- 分析公众对各种人工智能应用的看法,包括车辆,手术,武器和网络防御.
- 确定影响不同领域支持人工智能自主权的因素.
主要方法:
- 对2018年和2020年美国代表性民意调查的分析.
- 对四种不同的人工智能支持的自主应用程序的态度的检查:车辆,手术,武器和网络防御.
- 统计分析将受访者熟悉程度,专业知识和先前的技术使用与支持水平相关联.
主要成果:
- 对人工智能的更大熟悉和专业知识与对自动驾驶汽车,手术和网络防御的支持增加有关,但不是武器.
- 以前使用的共享乘车服务积极影响了对自动驾驶汽车的接受.
- 个人对人工智能技术的支持减少了他们熟悉的自动化任务,这表明熟悉和接受之间存在复杂的关系.
- 熟悉对支持支持人工智能军事应用程序的影响很小,随着时间的推移,反对意见略有增加.
结论:
- 人类因素,特别是熟悉度和个人相关性,是人工智能技术采用的关键决定因素.
- 公众对人工智能的看法在不同应用领域有很大差异,因此需要量身定制的整合方法.
- 需要进一步的研究,以了解公众对人工智能在国家安全和医疗保健等敏感领域的接受细微差别.
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