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相关概念视频

Egoism and Altruism01:55

Egoism and Altruism

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Voluntary behavior with the intent to help other people is called prosocial behavior. Why do people help other people? Is personal benefit such as feeling good about oneself the only reason people help one another?
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Self-Discrepancy Theory02:45

Self-Discrepancy Theory

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One influential perspective on what motivates people's behavior is detailed in Tory Higgin's self-discrepancy theory (Higgins, 1987). He proposed that people hold disagreeing internal representations of themselves that lead to different emotional states.  
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Fundamental Attribution Error01:14

Fundamental Attribution Error

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According to some social psychologists, people tend to overemphasize internal factors as explanations—or attributions—for the behavior of other people. They tend to assume that the behavior of another person is a trait of that person, and to underestimate the power of the situation on the behavior of others. They tend to fail to recognize when the behavior of another is due to situational variables, and thus to the person’s state. This erroneous assumption is...
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Attribution Theory00:56

Attribution Theory

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Behavior is a product of both the situation (e.g., cultural influences, social roles, and the presence of bystanders) and of the person (e.g., personality characteristics). Subfields of psychology tend to focus on one influence or behavior over others. Situationism is the view that our behavior and actions are determined by our immediate environment and surroundings. In contrast, dispositionism holds that our behavior is determined by internal factors (Heider, 1958).
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The Availability Heuristic01:08

The Availability Heuristic

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A heuristic is a general problem-solving framework (Tversky & Kahneman, 1974). You can think of these as mental shortcuts that are used to solve problems. Different types of heuristics are used in different types of situations, and the impulse to use a heuristic occurs when one of five conditions is met (Pratkanis, 1989):
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Deindividuation00:57

Deindividuation

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Deindividuation is a form of social influence on an individual’s behavior such that the individual engages in unusual or non-normal behavior while in a group setting. Why? Because in these group settings, the individual no longer sees themselves as an individual anymore, disinhibiting their behavior and personal restraint.
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相关实验视频

Updated: Jul 25, 2025

The Joint Effect of Social Comparison and Social Distance on Evaluation of Intertemporal Choice Outcomes in Event-related Potential Studies
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稀缺性是否会增加或减少捐赠行为? 一项调查考虑了特定资源的稀缺性和个人的东西导向.

Malika Malika1, Tanuka Ghoshal2, Pragya Mathur2

  • 1Indian Institute of Management Bangalore, Bannerghatta Main Rd, Bengaluru, 560076 India.

Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science
|June 26, 2023
PubMed
概括
此摘要是机器生成的。

稀缺性影响基于个人关注的慈善捐赠. 面向人的人更喜欢在时间稀缺时捐钱,而面向事物的人更喜欢在财务稀缺时捐时间.

关键词:
慈善捐款 慈善捐款 慈善捐款人-物导向的人-物导向.资源的稀缺性 资源的稀缺性时间与金钱相比,时间与金钱相比.

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科学领域:

  • 心理学 心理学 心理学
  • 行为经济学是一种行为经济学.
  • 营销 营销 营销 营销 营销 营销

背景情况:

  • 现有的关于稀缺和慈善行为的研究是矛盾的.
  • 一种新的个性变量,人-物方向性 (PTO),区分了个体对人与事物的关注.

研究的目的:

  • 调和关于稀缺和慈善行为的相互矛盾的发现.
  • 调查资源特异性稀缺性和人-物 (PTO) 导向在决定捐赠偏好 (时间与金钱) 中的作用.

主要方法:

  • 使用捐赠意图和真实点击数据进行了五项研究.
  • 研究操纵或测量了特定资源的稀缺性 (时间或财务) 和人对物 (PTO).

主要成果:

  • 人为导向导致人们更喜欢捐赠时间,而物为导向则更喜欢捐赠金钱.
  • 时间短缺使以人为本的个人更喜欢捐钱.
  • 财务短缺使面向事物的个人倾向于捐赠时间.

结论:

  • 资源特异性稀缺和PTO之间的相互作用显著影响个人是否更喜欢捐赠时间或金钱.
  • 调查结果为寻求特定类型的资源或志愿服务的慈善机构和社会福利倡议提供了有价值的见解.
  • 这项研究提供了个体差异的观点,对稀缺性对慈善行为的影响.