核心问题,案例研究,以及扩展遗留非洲裔美国人的基因组学的需要
Fatimah Jackson1, Carter Clinton2, Jennifer Caldwell3
1Department of Biology, Howard University, Washington, DC, United States.
Frontiers in genetics
|June 26, 2023
概括
非洲裔美国人在基因组研究中代表性不足,尽管有历史上的剥削. 将它们纳入研究对于精准医学和理解人类进化至关重要.
科学领域:
- 基因组研究是基因组研究.
- 生物伦理学生物伦理学
- 人口遗传学 人口遗传学
背景情况:
- 涉及非洲裔美国人的基因组研究有着复杂而经常被剥削的历史.
- 遗留的非洲裔美国人历史上一直受到不道德的生物医学研究的影响.
- 目前的基因组研究不成比例地低估了非洲裔美国人的多样性.
研究的目的:
- 审查影响非洲裔美国人基因组研究的核心问题.
- 通过案例研究,突出非洲裔美国人基因组研究的现状.
- 确定在历史和当前非洲裔美国人基因组研究中普遍存在的生物伦理问题.
主要方法:
- 从22个公开可访问的数据库中合成了一个元数据库,以确定生物伦理问题.
- 审查和评估关于非洲裔美国人的基因组多样性的现有文献.
- 包括来自案例研究的EMIC观点和见解 (纽约非洲墓地,Gullah Geechee人).
主要成果:
- 关于代表性不足的非洲裔美国人的基因组多样性,存在着显著的研究不足.
- 与欧洲裔美国人相比,非洲裔美国人在所有类别的基因组测试中占据不成比例的比例.
- 案例研究证明了基因组研究在了解历史人口 (纽约非洲墓地) 和当前健康差异 (Gullah Geechee) 中的价值.
结论:
- 尽管有历史上的剥削,但伦理保障现在排除了边缘化人口从基因组研究的好处.
- 在基因组数据库和试验中加强非洲裔美国人的纳入对于推进精准医学和人类进化生物学至关重要.
- 建议包括强调包容性的相关性,培养科学专业知识,与后代进行道德接触,并增加社区研究人员.
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