童年环境不可预测性和实验原始的不确定性与直观与故意的视觉搜索相比
Xinrui Wang1, Hui Jing Lu2, Hanran Li3
1Faculty of Educational Sciences, Shanxi Normal University, Taiyuan, China.
Current psychology (New Brunswick, N.J.)
|June 26, 2023
概括
儿童时期的环境塑造了视觉搜索策略. 在面对不确定性时,早期的不可预测性优先考虑直观的搜索,而不是故意的搜索,从而影响认知适应.
科学领域:
- 认知心理学 认知心理学
- 进化生物学 进化生物学
- 神经科学是一个神经科学.
背景情况:
- 动物,包括人类,使用直观和有意识的视觉搜索策略来导航环境的不确定性.
- 进化生命史 (LH) 方法表明,早期的生活经历校准了适应性策略.
研究的目的:
- 研究儿童环境不可预测性如何与同时存在的不确定性相互作用,从而影响视觉搜索策略.
- 检查早期生活条件在塑造认知和视觉搜索行为中的作用.
主要方法:
- 进行了两个眼睛跟踪实验:一个是简单的视觉搜索 (研究1),另一个是复杂的信息搜索 (研究2).
- 参与者的童年环境不可预测性和暴露于不确定性的线索被操纵.
- 分析了视觉搜索模式,包括固定,停留时间,尺寸和重复检查.
主要成果:
- 具有更高的童年不可预测性的人在不确定性时表现出直观的视觉搜索.
- 这种直观的搜索的特点是固定较少,停留时间缩短,形尺寸更大,重复检查较少.
- 相反,儿童时期不可预测性较低的个体则倾向于有意识的搜索.
结论:
- 童年环境在校准生命史策略方面发挥着关键作用,包括视觉和认知搜索.
- 生命早期的不可预测性可能会导致搜索行为的适应性转变,在不确定的条件下有利于直观的策略.
- 这些发现强调了早期经验对认知灵活性和适应环境挑战的长期影响.
相关概念视频
01:37Reason and Intuition
6.5K
The human brain processes information for decision-making using one of two routes: an intuitive system and a rational system (Epstein, 1994; popularized by Kahneman, 2011 as System 1 and System 2, respectively). The intuitive system is quick, impulsive, and operates with minimal effort, relying on emotions or habits to provide cues for what to do next, while the rational system is logical, analytical, deliberate, and methodical. Research in neuropsychology suggests that the...
6.5K
01:14Piaget's Stage 1 of Cognitive Development
676
The sensorimotor stage, the initial phase of Jean Piaget's theory of cognitive development, spans the first two years of a child's life. During this period, infants actively engage with their surroundings, building cognitive awareness through direct interaction with the world. This interaction is primarily based on sensory perception and motor actions, allowing infants to gradually understand basic physical properties and predict how objects interact within their environment.
676
01:25The Anchoring-and-Adjustment Heuristic
7.3K
In order to make good decisions, we use our knowledge and our reasoning. Often, this knowledge and reasoning is sound and solid. However, sometimes, we are swayed by biases or by others manipulating a situation. For example, let’s say you and three friends wanted to rent a house and had a combined target budget of $1,600. The realtor shows you only very run-down houses for $1,600 and then shows you a very nice house for $2,000. Might you ask each person to pay more in rent to get the...
7.3K