一场第二次冷战? 解释美国对中国话语的变化:总统辩论 (1960-2020) 的证据
1Department of Political Science, Rutgers University, New Jersey, 08901 USA.
概括
美国政客美国政客
科学领域:
- 政治科学 政治科学是指政治学.
- 国际关系 国际关系
- 话语分析 话语分析
背景情况:
- 了解政治精英如何对中国构建框架对于分析美国外交政策和公共话语至关重要.
- 不断变化的地缘政治格局需要检查围绕新兴力量的言论转变.
研究的目的:
- 分析美国政治精英如何将中国视为新兴大国的演讲演变.
- 调查美国政治话语中将中国描绘为经济或军事风险的情况.
- 确定中国相关话语在美国民粹主义运动中的作用.
主要方法:
- 对所有美国总统辩论进行主题和批判性话语分析.
- 检查全球权力配置的三个不同时代的修辞.
- 识别和分类与中国有关的不同话语类型.
主要成果:
- 早期的冷战言论将中国视为军事威胁.
- 2004年后的话语转向中国作为经济竞争对手,到2008年巩固为两党关于贸易竞争的共识.
- 2016年和2020年的民粹主义叙述利用了情感上的吸引力和夸张的风险来动员选民,特别是在制造业,主张保护主义.
- 反中国言论在2020年达到顶峰,包含了种族主义的"黄色危险"话题.
结论:
- 美国政治精英对中国的言论已经从军事威胁转变为经济竞争对手,民粹主义者利用强烈的言论动员.
- 最近选举中的民粹主义策略利用了情感上的吸引力和保护主义的框架,有时使用仇外语言.
- 分析显示,美国政治精英与中国之间存在着充满活力,充满激情的辩论关系.
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