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相关概念视频

Oogenesis02:07

Oogenesis

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In human women, oogenesis produces one mature egg cell or ovum for every precursor cell that enters meiosis. This process differs in two unique ways from the equivalent procedure of spermatogenesis in males. First, meiotic divisions during oogenesis are asymmetric, meaning that a large oocyte (containing most of the cytoplasm) and minor polar body are produced as a result of meiosis I, and again following meiosis II. Since only oocytes will go on to form embryos if fertilized, this unequal...
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Meiosis II02:02

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Meiosis II entails cell division and segregation of the sister chromatids, resulting in the production of four unique haploid gametes. The steps for meiosis II are similar to mitosis, except that meiosis II occurs in haploid cells, whereas mitosis occurs in diploid cells.
The timing and cell division patterns of meiosis differ between males and females. In male meiosis, the centrosomes are part of the formation of the meiotic spindle. However, in oocytes, including that of humans, Drosophila,...
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S-Cdk Initiates DNA Replication02:38

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The cell cycle is a series of events leading to DNA duplication followed by the division of cell content to form two daughter cells. The cell cycle progresses in four stages—the cell increases in size (gap 1 or G1-phase), duplicates its DNA (synthesis or S-phase), prepares to divide (gap 2 or G2-phase), and divides (mitosis or M-phase).
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DNA replication has three main steps: initiation, elongation, and termination. Replication in prokaryotes begins when initiator proteins bind to the single origin of replication (ori) on the cell's circular chromosome. Replication then proceeds around the entire circle of the chromosome in each direction from the two replication forks, resulting in two DNA molecules.
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In eukaryotic cells, DNA replication is highly conserved and tightly regulated. Multiple linear chromosomes must be duplicated with high fidelity before cell division, so there are many proteins that fulfill specialized roles in the replication process. Replication occurs in three phases: initiation, elongation, and termination, and ends with two complete sets of chromosomes in the nucleus.
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Meiosis is a carefully orchestrated set of cell divisions, the goal of which—in humans—is to produce haploid sperm or eggs, each containing half the number of chromosomes present in somatic cells elsewhere in the body. Meiosis I is the first such division, and involves several key steps, among them: condensation of replicated chromosomes in diploid cells; the pairing of homologous chromosomes and their exchange of information; and finally, the separation of homologous chromosomes by...
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相关实验视频

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In Situ Labeling of Mitochondrial DNA Replication in Drosophila Adult Ovaries by EdU Staining
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在资本繁殖科佩波德的产卵过程中,停止使用后的DNA复制.

K J Monell1,2, V Roncalli3, R R Hopcroft4

  • 1Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA.

Integrative organismal biology (Oxford, England)
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概括

在Neocalanus flemingeri中,卵子细胞的产生是连续的,DNA复制仅限于隔膜休息后的最初几周. 这一策略将卵形成与供应分开,在资源有限的环境中确保高质量的后代.

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In Situ Labeling of Mitochondrial DNA Replication in Drosophila Adult Ovaries by EdU Staining
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科学领域:

  • 海洋生物学 海洋生物学
  • 生殖生物学 生殖生物学
  • 节肢动物生理学 节肢动物生理学

背景情况:

  • 高度的关节动物进入休眠状态 (diapause),以生存在恶劣的条件下并优化繁殖.
  • 亚北极足动物Neocalanus flemingeri已经将食与生卵脱,需要对产卵的资源进行调节.
  • 通过N. flemingeri限制卵细胞形成的机制仍未得到研究.

研究的目的:

  • 为了研究经隔离期后Neocalanus flemingeri雌性卵细胞生产的时间和调节.
  • 确定N. flemingeri是否以及如何限制卵子细胞的形成以确保卵子质量.

主要方法:

  • 雌性被用5-乙烯基-2'-脱氧氨 (EdU) 化,以标记正在进行DNA复制的细胞.
  • 卵巢和卵管的DNA复制被评估在断裂终止后.
  • 随着时间的推移,量化了EDU的纳入,以确定卵细胞生产阶段.

主要成果:

  • oogonia 和卵细胞都包含了 EdU,这表明 oogenesis 期间的 DNA 复制.
  • EdU标签在隔离后72小时达到顶峰,并在两周内保持高位.
  • 隔离期四周后没有检测到任何标签,而是在产卵之前.

结论:

  • 在N. flemingeri的产卵发生是连续的,卵子细胞的形成在隔离期结束后的24小时内开始,并且仅限于前几周.
  • 这种顺序策略将卵细胞生产与供应分开,确保完全供应蛋.
  • 这与大多数足动物同时发生的卵细胞成熟形成鲜明对比,这表明它们有一个独特的生殖策略.