COVID-19危机如何影响发展中国家不同类型的工人?
Maurice Kugler1, Mariana Viollaz2, Daniel Duque3
1Schar School of Policy and Government, George Mason University, United States.
World development
|June 26, 2023
概括
随着COVID-19大流行,发展中国家的女性,年轻人和受教育程度较低的工人受到了不成比例的就业影响. 虽然出现了一些复苏,但这些弱势群体在保留工作和随后的就业增长方面遇到了最初的挫折.
科学领域:
- 劳动经济学 劳动经济学
- 发展经济学 发展经济学
- 公共卫生危机 公共卫生危机
背景情况:
- COVID-19 疫情造成了前所未有的全球经济混乱,对全球劳动力市场产生了重大影响.
- 了解经济冲击对不同工人人口结构的影响的差异对于有效的政策反应至关重要.
研究的目的:
- 分析COVID-19大流行对40个低收入和中等收入国家的不同工人群体的就业影响.
- 评估高频电话调查的可靠性,以追踪危机期间的实时就业差异.
主要方法:
- 利用世界银行和国家统计局的高频电话调查来追踪就业结果.
- 使用来自五个国家的数据进行了验证,以评估调查的代表性和准确性.
- 检查了性别,年龄,教育和城市/农村分类的就业变化.
主要成果:
- 妇女,年轻人,受教育程度较低的工人和城市工人在疫情爆发时遇到更高的停工率.
- 性别就业差距主要是由部门内部的差异驱动的,而不是跨部门的就业模式.
- 2020年4月至8月期间,就业率出现部分复苏,受益于最初失业影响最大的群体.
- 电话调查,尽管过度代表家庭主管,准确地衡量了性别,教育和地理位置的差异,但年龄差异较小.
结论:
- COVID-19危机加剧了发展中国家现有的劳动力市场不平等.
- 高频电话调查是有价值的,尽管不完美,监测危机期间实时分配就业影响的工具.
- 政策干预应针对脆弱的工人群体,以减轻长期劳动力市场痕.
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