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奇尔松树林和季风前干旱决定了乌塔拉罕德喜马拉雅山脉森林火灾的空间和时间模式
Ripu Daman Singh1, Surabhi Gumber1, R C Sundriyal2
1Department of Forestry and Environmental Science, DSB Campus, Kumaun University, Nainital, 263001 India.
概括
在乌塔拉罕德邦,人类引发的森林火灾是由季风前气温升高和降水量降低所驱动的,而奇尔松树林增加了火灾风险. 有效的消防管理需要改进预测和有针对性的干预措施.
科学领域:
- 林业和环境科学 林业和环境科学
- 遥感和地理信息系统 (GIS) 的应用
- 气候变化影响研究 影响研究
背景情况:
- 位于喜马拉雅山脉的乌塔拉罕德邦每年都会发生由人类引发的地表森林大火.
- 这些火灾与农业实践有关,发生在300米至2000米的海拔上.
- 了解火灾发生的驱动因素对于有效管理至关重要.
研究的目的:
- 分析 उत्तराखंड森林火灾的时间和空间模式.
- 确定影响火灾发生密度 (FID) 的关键环境和生态因素.
- 为改善该地区森林火灾管理策略提供信息.
主要方法:
- 利用了19年的 (2002-2020年) MODIS (中等分辨率成像光谱辐射计) 所生成的火灾发生率数据.
- 由24个森林部门组织的火灾数据,国家森林管理的行政单位.
- 采用标准化回归模型来评估气候和森林覆盖变量对FID的影响.
主要成果:
- 季风前的温度 (更温暖),松 (Pinus roxburghii) 森林面积 (积极影响) 和季风前/冬季降水 (负面影响) 解释了FID变异的56%.
- 高FID年 (2009年,2012年,2016年,2019年) 与低FID年相比,季风前温度显著更高,降水量较低.
- 火灾峰值每3-4年发生一次,在二十年的变暖中,火灾的趋势越来越强.
结论:
- 有效的消防管理需要改进季风前降水预报.
- 建议将森林区分为高松和脆弱的树物种的目标.
- 由于人为引发的火灾,定期分析人口分布和社区对森林的依赖是至关重要的.
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