内部化去中心化肥生产的环境成本
Jose Luis Osorio-Tejada1,2, Evgeny Rebrov1, Volker Hessel1,3
1School of Engineering, University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL UK.
概括
内部化环境成本可以使新的氨 (NH3) 生产技术成为可行的. 非热等离子体 (NTP) 和电解剂-哈伯-博斯 (HB) 工厂为传统方法提供了更绿色的替代方案.
科学领域:
- 化学工程是化学工程的重要组成部分.
- 环境科学 环境科学
- 可持续能源 可持续能源
背景情况:
- 氨 (NH3) 的生产是能源密集型的,由哈伯-博斯 (HB) 工艺主导,导致严重的环境影响.
- 分散的NH3生产提供了潜在的好处,包括减少环境足迹和供应链风险.
- 目前的NH3生产经济不完全考虑到外部环境成本.
研究的目的:
- 分析如何将环境影响纳入经济评估可以促进新的NH3合成技术.
- 评估使用可再生能源去中心化NH3生产的技术经济可行性.
- 为了比较传统和替代NH3生产途径的环境性能和成本.
主要方法:
- 生命周期评估 (LCA) 用于量化各种NH3生产过程的排放和影响 (例如,迷你哈伯 - 博世,等离子反应堆).
- 为了简化NH3供应链,模拟不同规模的储存和运输.
- 对货币估值系数的审查和应用,以将生命周期环境成本纳入澳大利亚的技术经济分析.
主要成果:
- 传统和热等离子体工厂带来了高的环境成本,主要是由于化石电力和颗粒物形成.
- 非热等离子体 (NTP) 工厂表现出与光化学氧化剂形成和太阳能电池板制造影响相关的重大外部成本.
- 由于能源效率和氧气销售,Electrolyser-Haber-Bosch (HB) 工厂展示了成本效益 (114美元/NH3);未来的NTP工厂预计价格为222美元/NH3.
- 澳大利亚的传统NH3行业每年外部成本估计约为50亿美元.
结论:
- 电解 HB 工厂在短期内具有成本效益,利用现有的 HB 工艺效率.
- 非热等离子体 (NTP) 技术在未来提供了改进和降低成本的潜力,特别是在较小的规模.
- 货币化环境成本可以激励公众对新,可持续的NH3生产技术的投资.
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