对大自然的投资可以提高股权和经济回报
Justin Andrew Johnson1, Uris Lantz Baldos2, Erwin Corong2
1Department of Applied Economics, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN 55108.
概括
对大自然的投资提供了实质性的经济效益,每年收益为100-350亿美元. 这些投资特别有利于低收入国家,强调了环境和经济政策的整合对可持续发展的重要性.
科学领域:
- 环境经济学环境经济学
- 生态系统服务估值评估
- 可计算的一般平衡模型.
背景情况:
- 可持续发展需要平衡经济增长与长期环境健康.
- 现有的模式往往无法将经济活动与微型生态系统服务提供相结合.
- 评估自然资本对于理解经济繁荣至关重要.
研究的目的:
- 开发和应用一个综合的地球经济模型,将经济和生态系统服务评估联系起来.
- 量化对大自然投资的经济效益,考虑关键生态系统服务.
- 分析这些福利在不同收入水平的分布.
主要方法:
- 全球贸易分析项目 (GTAP) 可计算的一般平衡模型与生态系统服务和权衡综合估值 (InVEST) 模型的整合.
- 开发GTAP-InVEST模型,共同确定土地使用,生态系统服务,市场价格和贸易.
- 分析了四种生态系统服务:授粉,木材供应,海洋渔业和碳捕获.
主要成果:
- 投资于自然产品会比以往的情况带来显著的经济改善.
- 全球每年的收益估计在1000亿美元至350亿美元 (2014美元) 之间.
- 最大的百分比增长是在最低收入国家观察到的.
结论:
- 将环境信息纳入经济分析和政策中对于可持续发展至关重要.
- 对大自然的投资带来了巨大的经济效益,尤其是对发展中国家来说.
- 未来的研究应该纳入更多的生态系统服务和生态转折点,以进行更全面的估值.
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