肥胖,糖尿病和癌症:流行病学,病理生理学以及潜在的干预措施
Leonardo de Andrade Mesquita1,2, Laura Fink Wayerbacher3, Gilberto Schwartsmann2,3
1Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Médicas: Endocrinologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brasil.
Archives of endocrinology and metabolism
|June 26, 2023
概括
肥胖和糖尿病增加癌症的风险,特别是子宫内膜,结直肠和乳腺癌. 减肥和一些药物可能会减轻这种风险,但需要更多的研究.
科学领域:
- 在瘤学瘤学.
- 内分泌学 在内分泌学.
- 流行病学 流行病学
背景情况:
- 恶性瘤是高收入国家的主要死亡原因,因癌症导致的死亡比例不断上升.
- 肥胖和糖尿病越来越被认为是各种恶性病的重要危险因素,包括子宫内膜,结直肠和绝经后乳腺癌.
- 病理生理机制包括荷尔蒙乱,改变性类固醇生物合成,高胰岛素血症和慢性炎症.
研究的目的:
- 审查肥胖,糖尿病和癌症之间的流行病学和病理生理学联系.
- 突出关于肥胖和糖尿病干预措施对癌症发病率的影响的证据.
主要方法:
- 对流行病学数据和病理生理机制的审查.
- 从观察性研究和临床试验中获得的关于减肥干预措施 (例如,减肥手术) 和药理治疗 (例如,甲福林,洛卡林) 的证据分析.
主要成果:
- 蓄意减肥,特别是通过减肥手术,与与肥胖有关的癌症风险降低有关.
- 药理干预的效果各不相同:甲福明可能会提供保护,而洛卡赛林等药物可能会增加恶性瘤的风险.
- 从观察性研究中得出的结论受到潜在偏差的限制,需要高质量的随机对照试验.
结论:
- 肥胖和糖尿病是影响癌症风险和发病率的关键因素.
- 针对体重和代谢失调的干预措施显示出降低癌症风险的潜力,但需要进一步严格验证.
- 关于治疗疗效的最终结论正在等待强大的随机对照试验,采用适当的样本大小和随访持续时间.
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