初级医疗保健与对外援助:两个德国的故事
Walter Bruchhausen1, Iris Borowy2
1University Hospital and University of Bonn, Germany.
Journal of the history of medicine and allied sciences
|June 26, 2023
概括
阿尔马阿塔宣言影响了全球公共卫生. 尽管其起源于社会医学,但德国
科学领域:
- 公共卫生 公共卫生
- 医学史 医学史 的历史
- 社会医学 社会医学
背景情况:
- "阿尔马阿塔宣言"是一个具有里程碑意义的公共卫生文件.
- 它的根源在于战后的全球卫生倡议和欧洲社会医学.
- 预计工业化国家将在国内外政策上采用阿尔马-阿塔原则.
研究的目的:
- 检查"阿尔马塔宣言"对德国国内外卫生政策的影响.
- 分析在西德和德国民主共和国 (GDR) 对阿尔马塔原则的不同解释和应用.
- 研究德国对社会医学话语的贡献在塑造初级医疗保健概念中的作用.
主要方法:
- 政策文件和话语的历史分析.
- 在分裂的德国,对卫生系统发展的比较研究.
- 审查国际卫生合作和发展援助政策.
主要成果:
- 阿尔马塔宣言原则对德国国内卫生政策的影响有限.
- 两个德国国家都犹不决在国际合作中解决健康的社会决定因素.
- 由于国际趋势和发展援助的讨论,西德的政策在20世纪70年代发生了转变.
- 德意志民主共和国将阿尔玛-阿塔视为其现有卫生系统的验证,在全球卫生转型中参与有限,而不仅仅是作为一个榜样.
结论:
- 德国战后独特的分裂影响了德国对阿尔马-阿塔宣言的回应.
- 西德的卫生工作者比德意志民主共和国政府更积极地在国外应用社会医学原则.
- 德意志民主共和国对全球健康的做法在很大程度上是象征性的,以其国内系统为例.
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