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人与人工智能交互对检测恶性肺结节在胸部X射线图上的影响

Jong Hyuk Lee¹, Hyunsook Hong¹, Gunhee Nam¹

¹From the Department of Radiology (J.H.L., E.J.H., C.M.P.) and Medical Research Collaborating Center (H.H.), Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea; Lunit, Seoul, Korea (G.N.); Institute of Medical and Biological Engineering and Institute of Radiation Medicine, Seoul National University Medical Research Center, Seoul, Korea (C.M.P.); and Department of Radiology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 101 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul 03080, Korea (C.M.P.).

|June 27, 2023

概括

高精度的人工智能 (AI) 显著改善了放射科医生在胸部放射图上检测肺癌的情况. 读者特征没有影响性能,但AI准确性影响了诊断易感性.

科学领域:

放射学放射学是一门学科.
人工智能的人工智能
医疗成像医学成像

背景情况:

在人工智能辅助阅读过程中影响放射科医生的诊断决策的因素尚不清楚.
评估AI对检测恶性肺结节的影响至关重要.

研究的目的:

评估AI诊断性能和放射科医生特征如何影响AI辅助胸部X光学解释中恶性肺结节的检测.
在高精度和低精度的人工智能模型之间比较读者性能和对AI建议的敏感性.

主要方法:

以30名读者分为两组进行回顾性研究,重新解释120张胸部X射线图.
读者在第二次会议中使用了高或低准确度的AI模型.
一般化的线性混合模型分析了影响人工智能辅助检测的因素,包括读者体验和Grit评分.

主要成果:

高精度的人工智能提高了检测性能 (AUC 0.77-0.82),超过低精度的人工智能 (AUC 0.75-0.75).
使用高精度AI的读者对AI建议的易感性 (67%) 较低精度AI (59%) 的读者更大.
准确的初始读数,正确的AI建议,高AI准确度和诊断难度与准确的AI辅助读数相关;读者特征没有.

结论:

高诊断准确度的人工智能模型提高了放射科医生在胸部X射线图上检测肺癌方面的性能.
人工智能准确度的提高导致放射科医生更容易接受人工智能诊断建议.

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