认知表现的个体内变化不是噪音:为什么以及如何认知评估应该检查个体内表现
Arabella Charlotte Vaughan1, Damian Patrick Birney1
1School of Psychology, University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW 2006, Australia.
Journal of Intelligence
|June 27, 2023
概括
个体内的短期认知变化是认知能力的一个有意义的方面,而不仅仅是错误. 了解这种变化对于我们动态世界的真实世界表现至关重要.
科学领域:
- 认知心理学 认知心理学
- 心理测量 心理测量 心理测量
背景情况:
- 在研究中,个体内认知变异性往往被忽视.
- 传统的认知评估侧重于个体之间的差异,忽视短期波动.
研究的目的:
- 建立个体内认知变异性作为认知能力的重要组成部分.
- 倡导使用重复测量范式来研究认知性能变化.
- 探索这种变化的影响,以了解在动态环境中的性能.
主要方法:
- 审查现有关于个体内变化的证据.
- 建议使用短期重复措施,例如经验抽样方法 (ESM).
- 介绍了使用ESM进行认知评估的试点研究的初步发现.
主要成果:
- 认知表现的个体内变化是一个有意义的构造,而不仅仅是测量误差.
- 具有相似认知分数的个体表现出由于个体内部变化的性能差异.
- 在典型的环境中,ESM对评估认知表现变异具有前景.
结论:
- 个体内认知变化是理解现实世界的认知能力的一个关键因素.
- 像ESM这样的重复措施范式是认知研究的宝贵工具.
- 未来的研究应该纳入个体内部的变化,以获得对认知表现的全面理解.
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