流行病学,风险因素和预防头部和部状细胞癌的预防
Adam Barsouk1, John Sukumar Aluru2, Prashanth Rawla3
1Internal Medicine, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
Medical sciences (Basel, Switzerland)
|June 27, 2023
概括
头部和部状细胞癌 (HNSCC) 是全球常见的一种癌症. 预防策略包括HPV疫苗接种,戒烟/戒酒,以及社区教育,以减少HNSCC发病率并提高生存率.
科学领域:
- 在瘤学瘤学.
- 流行病学 流行病学
- 公共卫生 公共卫生
背景情况:
- 头部和部状细胞癌 (HNSCC) 是全球第七个最常见的癌症诊断,导致显著的死亡率.
- 由于烟草,酒精和阿拉卡坚果的消费,发展中国家的发病率正在上升,协同效应增加了风险.
- 在发达国家,与人类乳头瘤病毒 (HPV) 相关的HNSCC更为普遍,特别是在口腔大,并与更好的生存结果相关.
研究的目的:
- 审查HNSCC的全球发病率,病因和生存差异.
- 突出生活方式因素和HPV在不同地区HNSCC发展中的不同作用.
- 讨论目前和潜在的公共卫生干预措施,以预防和控制HNSCC.
主要方法:
- 全球癌症统计数据的综述 (GLOBOCAN).
- 对HNSCC风险因素的流行病学数据的分析,包括烟草,酒精和HPV.
- 对生存数据的检查,比较与HPV相关的和非HPV相关的HNSCC.
- 评估公共卫生干预措施的有效性,如疫苗接种和戒烟计划.
主要成果:
- 在全球癌症诊断和死亡中,HNSCC占4.5%,在发展中国家的发病率越来越高.
- 酒精和烟草的协同作用显著提高HNSCC风险 (40倍).
- 在发达国家,与HPV相关的HNSCC显示,与其他形式 (20个月) 相比,平均存活时间 (130个月) 长得多.
结论:
- HNSCC发病率和存活率的差异与社会经济地位,生活方式和医疗保健准入有关.
- 有效的预防策略包括药物治疗,戒烟咨询,社区参与和广泛的HPV疫苗接种.
- 提高HPV疫苗接种率,安全性教育和例行口腔查对于制发达国家的HNSCC发病率至关重要.
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