改进日常信息系统管理 (PRISM) 框架在地方层面使用数据的性能:综合性审查
Nami Kawakyu1,2, Megan Coe2, Bradley H Wagenaar1,3
1Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America.
PloS one
|June 27, 2023
概括
常规卫生信息系统 (RHIS) 数据的使用对于卫生系统的性能至关重要. 本次审查完善了RHIS数据使用的定义和测量,强调了数据为更好的健康结果提供信息的行动.
科学领域:
- 卫生系统研究 卫生系统研究
- 公共卫生信息学 公共卫生信息学
- 健康数据管理 管理健康数据
背景情况:
- 一个强大的常规健康信息系统 (RHIS) 对于有效的卫生系统运作至关重要,特别是在分散的低收入和中等收入国家.
- 定义和测量RHIS数据使用的变化阻碍了开发干预措施,以促进其有效利用.
- 了解和标准化RHIS数据使用对于改善次国家级卫生决策和绩效至关重要.
研究的目的:
- 综合有关低收入和中等收入国家RHIS数据使用概念化和测量的文献.
- 提出一个完善的RHIS数据使用框架和RHIS数据使用的共同定义.
- 建议改进测量RHIS数据使用的方法.
主要方法:
- 采用了一种综合性审查方法.
- 对2009年至2021年间发表的同行评审文章进行了对四个电子数据库的系统搜索.
- 包括了调查常规健康信息系统数据使用的文章.
主要成果:
- 在满足纳入标准的45篇文章中,有24篇专注于测量RHIS数据使用情况.
- 不到一半 (42%) 的文章明确定义了RHIS数据的使用.
- 虽然数据分析不一致地被纳入数据使用的一部分,但达成共识的是,基于数据的决策和行动是RHIS数据使用过程的关键组成部分.
结论:
- 将RHIS数据的使用概念化为一个包含基于数据的行动的过程,强调了它们在提高卫生系统绩效方面的重要性.
- 未来的研究和实施策略必须针对RHIS数据使用过程的每个阶段的独特支持要求.
- 对RHIS数据使用的精细理解和一致测量对于加强全球卫生系统至关重要.
相关概念视频
Review and Preview
9.0K
Data are individual items of information obtained from a population or sample. Data may be classified as qualitative (categorical), quantitative continuous, or quantitative discrete. Because it is not practical to measure the entire population in a study, researchers use samples to represent the population. A random sample is a representative group from the population chosen by using a method that gives each individual in the population an equal chance of being included in the sample. Random...
9.0K
Prismatic Beams: Problem Solving
180
In the design of a supported timber beam subjected to a distributed load, both the beam's physical dimensions and the timber's characteristics, such as its grade and species, are critical. These factors determine the allowable stress values, which are crucial for calculating the necessary beam depth to ensure structural integrity and safety.
The design begins with analyzing the beam as a free body to identify moments and force balances, thereby determining support reactions. Next, the...
The design begins with analyzing the beam as a free body to identify moments and force balances, thereby determining support reactions. Next, the...
180
Polymer Classification: Architecture
2.8K
Polymers are classified as linear or branched on the basis of their chain architecture. The polymer chains in linear polymers have a long chain-like structure with minimal to no branching at all. Even if a polymer features large substituent groups on the monomer, which appear as branches to the skeleton, it is not considered a branched polymer. A branched polymer contains secondary polymer chains that arise from the main polymer chain. The branching occurs when the polymer growth shifts from...
2.8K
Design Consideration
213
Designing a structure involves a series of considerations, primarily the material's ultimate strength, calculated through tests that measure changes under increased force until the material reaches its breaking point or limit. The ultimate load, where the material breaks, is divided by its original cross-sectional area, resulting in the ultimate normal stress or strength. The ultimate shearing stress is another significant factor taken into account.
The factor of safety is another key...
The factor of safety is another key...
213
Design Example: Managing Concrete Workability
102
This example deals with managing the workability of concrete for a raft foundation project under hot weather conditions. Workability is crucial for ensuring the concrete is easy to place, compact, and finish. In this scenario, a slump test — a common method to measure the workability of fresh concrete — initially indicated low workability. This was attributed to the rapid water loss from the concrete mix, exacerbated by the high temperatures causing the course aggregates to heat up.
102
Polymer Classification: Crystallinity
2.9K
Unlike ionic or small covalent molecules, polymers do not form crystalline solids due to the diffusion limitations of their long-chain structures. However, polymers contain microscopic crystalline domains separated by amorphous domains.
Crystalline domains are the regions where polymer chains are aligned in an orderly manner and held together in proximity by intermolecular forces. For example, chains in the crystalline domains of polyethylene and nylon are bound together by van der Waals...
Crystalline domains are the regions where polymer chains are aligned in an orderly manner and held together in proximity by intermolecular forces. For example, chains in the crystalline domains of polyethylene and nylon are bound together by van der Waals...
2.9K


