妇女道路自行车运动员的培训特征和竞争要求:系统性审查
Alba Herrero-Molleda1, María José Álvarez-Álvarez2, Pablo Floría3
1Faculty of Physical Activity and Sports Sciences, Universidad de León, León,Spain.
概括
女子公路自行车手比男性接受更高的培训和竞争负载. 有效的训练包括适当的强度和高度协议,以达到峰值性能. 需要进一步的研究来完善理解.
科学领域:
- 运动科学 运动科学 运动科学
- 运动生理学 运动生理学
- 骑自行车表现 骑自行车表现
背景情况:
- 了解培训和竞争需求对于优化女子公路自行车运动的表现至关重要.
- 以前的研究还没有对女性骑自行车的这些因素进行全面的综合分析.
研究的目的:
- 系统地识别和分析女性公路自行车运动的初级培训特征和竞争需求.
主要方法:
- 在遵守PRISMA指南的5个数据库中进行了系统的文献搜索.
- 包括的研究是1990年以后发表的初级研究,重点是15-50岁的竞争性女自行车手.
- 使用定量研究的质量评估工具和牛津证据水平来评估方法质量.
主要成果:
- 对20项研究的分析表明,与男性相比,女性骑自行车者面临的外部和内部训练负载更高.
- 有效的力量训练计划包括基于速度或重负荷的规程,每周2+天,3-4次下部运动.
- 使用"Live High-Train Low"方法的高空训练在营后长达9天的时间内提高了表现.
结论:
- 女子公路自行车运动需要比男性更大的耐力训练和竞争要求.
- 力量训练的有效性取决于适当的频率,强度和运动选择.
- 高空训练在比赛前不久是最有益的;需要更高的证据研究来更好地定义竞争水平.
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