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相关概念视频

Position-effect Variegation02:32

Position-effect Variegation

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In 1928, a German botanist Emil Heitz observed the moss nuclei with a DNA binding dye. He observed that while some chromatin regions decondense and spread out in the interphase nucleus, others do not. He termed them euchromatin and heterochromatin, respectively. He proposed that the heterochromatin regions reflect a functionally inactive state of the genome. It was later confirmed that heterochromatin is transcriptionally repressed, and euchromatin is transcriptionally active chromatin.
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Spreading of Chromatin Modifications02:25

Spreading of Chromatin Modifications

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The histone proteins in the nucleosomes are post-translationally modified (PTM) to increase or decrease access to DNA. The commonly observed PTMs are methylation, acetylation, phosphorylation, and ubiquitination of lysine amino acids in the histone H3 tail region. These histone modifications have specific meaning for the cell. Hence, they are called "histone code". The protein complex involved in histone modification is termed as "reader-writer" complex.
Writers
The writer...
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Chromatin Position Affects Gene Expression02:35

Chromatin Position Affects Gene Expression

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Chromatin is the massive complex of DNA and proteins packaged inside the nucleus. The complexity of chromatin folding and how it is packaged inside the nucleus greatly influences  access to genetic information. Generally, the nucleus' periphery is considered transcriptionally repressive, while the cell's interior is considered a transcriptionally active area. 
Topologically Associated Domains (TADs)
The 3-dimensional positioning of chromatin in the nucleus influences the...
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Duplication of Chromatin Structure02:05

Duplication of Chromatin Structure

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The process of chromosome duplication during cell division requires genome-wide disruption and re-assembly of chromatin. The chromatin structure must be accurately inherited, reassembled, and maintained in the daughter cells to ensure lineage propagation.
The basic unit of the chromatin is the nucleosome, consisting of DNA wrapped around octameric histone proteins and short stretches of linker DNA separating individual nucleosomes. The histone proteins within the nucleosome have their...
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Structure of a Gene01:30

Structure of a Gene

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A gene is the fundamental unit of heredity. Every individual has two copies of each gene, one inherited from each parent. Although most people contain the same genes, there is a small fraction that is slightly different amongst people. A gene with a small difference in its sequence of DNA bases forms different alleles, contributing to different phenotypes.
However, only 1% of the DNA is composed of genes that encode proteins; the rest, 99% is non-coding DNA. This non-coding DNA performs...
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Gene Conversion02:08

Gene Conversion

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Other than maintaining genome stability via DNA repair, homologous recombination plays an important role in diversifying the genome. In fact, the recombination of sequences forms the molecular basis of genomic evolution. Random and non-random permutations of genomic sequences create a library of new amalgamated sequences. These newly formed genomes can determine the fitness and survival of cells. In bacteria, homologous and non-homologous types of recombination lead to the evolution of new...
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Dissection of Enhancer Function Using Multiplex CRISPR-based Enhancer Interference in Cell Lines
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Dissection of Enhancer Function Using Multiplex CRISPR-based Enhancer Interference in Cell Lines

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在3D基因组中的增强器功能.

Sergey V Razin1,2, Sergey V Ulianov1,2, Olga V Iarovaia1

  • 1Institute of Gene Biology Russian Academy of Sciences, 119334 Moscow, Russia.

Genes
|June 28, 2023
PubMed
概括

增强剂通过3D基因组架构与基因促进剂进行通信. 一种新型的激活器染色体区模型解释了增强剂如何在没有直接接触的情况下激活促进体,从而使选择性基因激活成为可能.

科学领域:

  • 基因组学就是基因组学.
  • 分子生物学分子生物学
  • 表观遗传学 在表观遗传学中,表观遗传学是指表观遗传学.

背景情况:

  • 增强剂是控制基因表达的关键调节元素.
  • 三维 (3D) 基因组组织在基因调节中起着重要作用.
  • 了解增强剂-促进剂通信是解读基因表达控制的关键.

研究的目的:

  • 审查3D基因组内增强器功能的机制.
  • 探索增强者-促进者沟通和空间关系.
  • 讨论通过增强剂选择性激活基因的模型.

主要方法:

  • 对增强器功能和3D基因组组织研究的文献综述.
  • 控制增强剂-促进剂相互作用的机制的分析.
  • 涉及基因调节的染色体部分的概念建模.

主要成果:

  • 在3D核中增强剂和促进剂的空间接近对功能具有重要意义.
  • 一个激活器染色体区的模型促进了从增强剂到促进剂的因子转移.
  • 增强剂可以选择性地激活特定的促进剂或促进剂类.

结论:

关键词:
三维基因组是3D的基因组.染色体区分区的染色体是什么增强者-促进者沟通的沟通.阶段分离的阶段分离.

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  • 3D基因组架构对于增强器活动至关重要.
  • 拟议的激活器染色体区模型为理解增强剂-促进剂通信提供了一个框架.
  • 存在选择性基因激活的机制,突出了基因调节的复杂性.