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品种内多样性及其对小麦进化,化和小麦改良的贡献

Tianbao Li^1,2, Chuizheng Kong², Pingchuan Deng³

¹The College of Agronomy, State Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, Henan Agricultural University, 63 Nongye Road, Zhengzhou 450002, China.

International journal of molecular sciences

|June 28, 2023

概括

小麦的品种内多样性 (IVD) 揭示了同类基因,特别是外相对应基因 (OPs) 和单复制基因对应基因 (SORs),对于作物进化和繁殖至关重要. 利用IVD为改善小麦等多种作物提供了新的途径.

科学领域:

遗传学是一个遗传学.
植物生物学植物生物学
农业科学农业科学

背景情况:

农作物遗传多样性对于农业的适应性和生产力至关重要.
小麦的有限的等位基因多样性阻碍了进一步的作物改进.
同源基因,包括对应基因和对应基因,构成了物种基因组的很大一部分,但它们在品种中的多样性和功能仍未得到充分探索.

研究的目的:

研究常见小麦同源基因的序列,表达和功能多样性.
阐明多变种物种中品种内多样性 (IVD) 的作用.
评估不同类型的同源基因 (无对应基因,异对应基因,单拷贝基因) 对小麦进化和改进的贡献.

主要方法:

来自两种常见小麦品种的高质量参考基因组的分析:Aikang 58 (AK58) 和中国春天 (CS).
同类基因的识别和分类,包括inparalogs (IPs),outparalogs (OPs) 和单拷贝正义基因 (SORs).
对不同同源基因类型的序列,表达和功能变异进行比较分析.

主要成果:

确定了85,908个同源基因 (占所有小麦基因的71.9%),包括IP,OP和SOR.
与IP相比,OP和SOR表现出更高的序列,表达和功能变异水平,这表明多倍体中的同源多样性更大.
扩展基因是OP的子集,对作物进化和适应做出了重大贡献.
在农业学上重要的基因主要是OP和SOR,突出显示了它们在多倍体进化,化和改进中的重要作用.

结论:

同源基因是小麦基因组的组成部分,具有显著的品种内多样性 (IVD).
像小麦这样的多胞体物种拥有比双胞体更大的同源多样性,由OPs和SORs驱动.
IVD分析为评估基因内变异提供了一种新方法,并为植物育种提供了新的策略,特别是在多种植的作物中.

关键词:

基因复制是基因的复制.同类物种多样性的同类物种多样性.亚基因组分歧的分歧可转移的元素可以转移.小麦基因组是小麦的基因组.

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