相关实验视频
Updated: Jul 25, 2025
04:32
Dissection, MicroCT Scanning and Morphometric Analyses of the Baculum
Published on: March 19, 2017
7.6K
在现存的原始人类中,形和第一个手指骨之间的形态整合和形状共变
Ameline Bardo1,2, Christopher J Dunmore2, Raphaël Cornette3
1Département Homme et Environnement, UMR 7194 - HNHP, CNRS-MNHN, Musée de l'Homme, Paris, France.
American journal of biological anthropology
|June 28, 2023
概括
这项研究揭示,形骨和第一个甲手骨在人类和大猩猩中显示出明显的形状共变模式,反映了指姿势和使用的差异. 这项研究有助于了解化石原始人中的指功能.
科学领域:
- 古人类学古人类学.
- 比较解剖学的比较解剖学.
- 生物力学 生物力学
背景情况:
- 梯形和第一个甲手腕 (Mc1) 的形状会影响人类的指移动性和手动能力.
- 之前的研究主要集中在形-Mc1关节形状上,忽视了更广泛的形态整合.
研究的目的:
- 在现存的原始人类中,研究整个梯形和Mc1之间的形态整合和形状共变.
- 为了将这些模式与跨物种的指使用的已知差异相关联.
- 为推断化石原始人中的指功能提供见解.
主要方法:
- 利用3D几何形态测量来分析相关的梯形和Mc1s的形状共变.
- 包括多样化的Homo sapiens和其他现存的人类样本 (黑猩猩,大猩猩,猩猩).
- 测试了形态整合和形状共变模式的跨物种差异.
主要成果:
- 显著的形态整合被观察到,特别是在人类智人和大猩猩大猩猩大猩猩的梯形-Mc1关节.
- 对于每一个属,在整个梯形和Mc1之间确定了不同的形状共变的模式.
- 这些模式与手腕间和手腕甲手腕关节姿势的已知差异一致.
结论:
- 这些发现支持已知的指习惯性使用的差异,例如在人类精密抓手中被绑架的指与其他原始人类中被引进的指.
- 梯形和Mc1的形态整合和协变为理解指功能演变提供了有价值的数据.
- 这项研究提供了一个新的框架,可以根据骨形态学推断灭绝的原始人物种的指使用情况.
相关概念视频
01:19Bones of the Upper Limb: Humerus
3.4K
The upper limb consists of the arm, forearm, wrist, and hand bones. The humerus is the single bone of the upper arm region. Proximally, it has a large, spherical, smooth head that articulates with the glenoid cavity of the scapula to form the glenohumeral or shoulder joint. The margin of the head is the anatomical neck, a residual epiphyseal plate. Laterally it extends to form bony projections called the greater tubercle and the lesser tubercle. Next to the tubercles is the surgical neck, a...
3.4K
01:09Functional Classification of Joints
4.2K
Functional Classification of Joints
The functional classification of joints is determined by the amount of mobility between the adjacent bones. Joints are functionally classified as a synarthrosis or immobile joint, an amphiarthrosis or slightly moveable joint, or as a diarthrosis, a freely moveable joint. Fibrous and cartilaginous joints can be functionally classified as either synarthroses or amphiarthroses, whereas all synovial joints are classified as diarthroses.
Synarthrosis
An...
The functional classification of joints is determined by the amount of mobility between the adjacent bones. Joints are functionally classified as a synarthrosis or immobile joint, an amphiarthrosis or slightly moveable joint, or as a diarthrosis, a freely moveable joint. Fibrous and cartilaginous joints can be functionally classified as either synarthroses or amphiarthroses, whereas all synovial joints are classified as diarthroses.
Synarthrosis
An...
4.2K
01:18Classification of Bones
5.8K
The bones of the human skeletal system are of varied shapes, sizes, and functions. They can be classified based on their shape and function into four major classes: long bones, short bones, flat bones, and irregular bones. Some classifications include a fifth type, the sesamoid bones, as a separate class, whereas others categorize them under short bones.
Long and Short Bones
The appendicular skeleton, particularly the upper and lower limbs, is primarily made of long and short bones. The...
Long and Short Bones
The appendicular skeleton, particularly the upper and lower limbs, is primarily made of long and short bones. The...
5.8K
02:31Synteny and Evolution
3.3K
John H. Renwick first coined the term “synteny” in 1971, which refers to the genes present on the same chromosomes, even if they are not genetically linked. The species with common ancestry tend to show conserved syntenic regions. Therefore, the concept of synteny is nowadays used to describe the evolutionary relationship between species.
Around 80 million years ago, the human and mice lineages diverged from the common ancestor. During the course of evolution, the ancestral...
Around 80 million years ago, the human and mice lineages diverged from the common ancestor. During the course of evolution, the ancestral...
3.3K
01:15Bones of the Upper Limb: Ulna
2.3K
The ulna and radius are parallel bones of the antebrachium or the forearm. The ulna lies medially and consists of a bony tip called the olecranon process at its proximal end. This hook-like projection articulates with the olecranon fossa of the humerus and forms the "hinged" ulnohumeral part of the elbow joint. This joint facilitates forearm extension and flexion while preventing its hyperextension. Similarly, the coronoid process, another bony projection on the proximal/anterior side...
2.3K
01:54Convergent Evolution
28.0K
Evolution shapes the features of organisms over time, ensuring that they are suited for the environments in which they live. Sometimes, selection pressure leads to the rise of similar but unrelated adaptations in organisms with no recent common ancestors, a process known as convergent evolution.
28.0K