亚马逊虫的生物多样性受到古代和最近人类干扰的影响
Ana C Conrado1, Wilian C Demetrio2, David W G Stanton3
1Biochemistry Department, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, PR 81531-980, Brazil.
The Science of the total environment
|June 28, 2023
概括
亚马逊黑土 (ADEs) 是人类修饰的古老土壤,支持不同的地社区. 这些哥伦布前土壤保留了土著虫物种和丰富性,对于热带雨林生态系统的健康和保护至关重要.
科学领域:
- 土壤科学 土壤科学
- 生态生态学 生态生态学
- 动物学 动物学
背景情况:
- 虫对于土壤形成至关重要,但它们在亚马逊雨林中的历史驱动因素仍未得到充分研究.
- 人类的干扰,无论是古代还是最近,都对热带土壤中的地多样性产生了重大影响.
- 亚马逊黑土 (ADEs) 是前哥伦布社会创造的肥沃土壤,为研究长期的人类与土壤相互作用提供了独特的背景.
研究的目的:
- 研究亚马逊暗土 (ADEs) 和相邻的参考土壤 (REF) 中的地社区组成.
- 评估前哥伦布时代土地改造对虫多样性和分布的影响.
- 提出综合操作分类单位 (IOTU) 进行综合多样性评估,结合形态和分子数据.
主要方法:
- 在不同森林年龄和单一栽培下,在巴西亚马逊地区的ADE和REF土壤中采集土虫群体的样本.
- 使用形态学和COI基因测序来界定分子操作分类学单位 (MOTU) 的地幼虫和子的识别.
- 结合形态和分子数据来定义综合操作分类单元 (IOTU) 以加强分类丰富性评估.
主要成果:
- 总共有970个个体产生了51个分类学单位 (IOTU,MOTU,形态物种).
- 观察到物种组成的显著差异,其中24个单位是REF土壤特有的,17个单位是ADEs.
- 在旧林地发现了更高的分类学丰富性,无论是ADE (12个单位) 还是REF (21个单位).
- 贝塔多样性分析证实了ADEs和REF土壤之间独特的土壤生物群,表明了高物种周转率.
结论:
- 与相邻的参考土壤相比,亚马逊黑土 (ADEs) 拥有不同的地社区.
- 哥伦布前人类活动,通过ADE的形成,保护了大量的土著虫物种,并保持了高的丰度.
- 了解这些古老的人类影响对于开发对亚马逊雨林生态系统有效的保护策略至关重要.
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