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相关概念视频

Ribosome Profiling02:24

Ribosome Profiling

3.6K
Ribosome profiling or ribo-sequencing is a deep sequencing technique that produces a snapshot of active translation in a cell. It selectively sequences the mRNAs protected by ribosomes to get an insight into a cell’s translation landscape at any given point in time.
Applications of ribosome profiling
Ribosome profiling has many applications, including in vivo monitoring of translation inside a particular organ or tissue type and quantifying new protein synthesis levels.
The technique...
3.6K
Improving Translational Accuracy02:07

Improving Translational Accuracy

11.7K
Base complementarity between the three base pairs of mRNA codon and the tRNA anticodon is not a failsafe mechanism. Inaccuracies can range from a single mismatch to no correct base pairing at all. The free energy difference between the correct and nearly correct base pairs can be as small as 3 kcal/ mol. With complementarity being the only proofreading step, the estimated error frequency would be one wrong amino acid in every 100 amino acids incorporated. However, error frequencies observed in...
11.7K
Leaky Scanning02:28

Leaky Scanning

5.2K
During most eukaryotic translation processes, the small 40S ribosome subunit scans an mRNA from its 5' end until it encounters the first start AUG codon. The large 60S ribosomal subunit then joins the smaller one to initiate protein synthesis. The location of the translation initiation is largely determined by the nucleotides near the start codon as there may be multiple translation initiation sites present on the mRNA.  Marilyn Kozak discovered that the sequence RCCAUGG (where R...
5.2K
Nonsense-mediated mRNA Decay02:27

Nonsense-mediated mRNA Decay

10.7K
The Upf proteins that carry out nonsense-mediated decay (NMD) are found in all eukaryotic organisms, including humans. Each protein has an individual role, but they need to work in collaboration. Upf1 is an ATP-dependent RNA helicase that unwinds the RNA helix. Because Upf1 can unwind any RNA, Upf2 and Upf3 are required to help Upf1 discriminate between nonsense and normal mRNAs.
Usually, Upf3 binds to an Exon Junction Complex (EJC) at mRNA splice sites. If a ribosome fully translates the mRNA,...
10.7K
Termination of Translation01:44

Termination of Translation

25.5K
The large ribosomal subunit has several important structures essential to translation. These include the peptidyl transferase center (PTC) - which is the site where the peptide bond is formed - and a large, internal, water-filled tube through which the nascent polypeptide moves. This latter structure is called the Peptide Exit Tunnel, and it begins at the PTC and spans the body of the large ribosomal subunit. During translation, as the nascent polypeptide chain is synthesized, it passes through...
25.5K
Ribosomal RNA Synthesis02:53

Ribosomal RNA Synthesis

3.3K
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相关实验视频

Updated: Jul 25, 2025

De novo Identification of Actively Translated Open Reading Frames with Ribosome Profiling Data
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De novo Identification of Actively Translated Open Reading Frames with Ribosome Profiling Data

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解读一个核糖体的不确定性.

Olivier Duss1, Rainer Nikolay2, Matthew L Kraushar2

  • 1European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Heidelberg, Germany.

Trends in genetics : TIG
|June 28, 2023
PubMed
概括
此摘要是机器生成的。

研究人员探索了人类核糖体如何解码信使RNA (mRNA) 来进行蛋白质合成的进化差异. 这种基本的细胞过程在所有生命形式中仍然至关重要.

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Polysome Fractionation and Analysis of Mammalian Translatomes on a Genome-wide Scale
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Polysome Fractionation and Analysis of Mammalian Translatomes on a Genome-wide Scale

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RIBO-seq in Bacteria: a Sample Collection and Library Preparation Protocol for NGS Sequencing
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RIBO-seq in Bacteria: a Sample Collection and Library Preparation Protocol for NGS Sequencing

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相关实验视频

Last Updated: Jul 25, 2025

De novo Identification of Actively Translated Open Reading Frames with Ribosome Profiling Data
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De novo Identification of Actively Translated Open Reading Frames with Ribosome Profiling Data

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Polysome Fractionation and Analysis of Mammalian Translatomes on a Genome-wide Scale
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Polysome Fractionation and Analysis of Mammalian Translatomes on a Genome-wide Scale

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RIBO-seq in Bacteria: a Sample Collection and Library Preparation Protocol for NGS Sequencing
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科学领域:

  • 分子生物学分子生物学
  • 进化生物学 进化生物学
  • 生物化学 生物化学

背景情况:

  • 核糖体是一个高度保守的宏分子机器,对蛋白质合成至关重要.
  • 核糖体将从信使RNA (mRNA) 的遗传信息转化为氨基酸序列.
  • 了解核糖体功能是理解基本生命过程的关键.

研究的目的:

  • 研究人类核糖体解码的mRNA结构和动力学的进化变异.
  • 阐明不同的结构特征如何影响蛋白质合成的效率和精度.

主要方法:

  • 人类核糖体的比较结构分析.
  • 在翻译过程中mRNA-tRNA相互作用的动态研究.
  • 对核糖体蛋白进化的生物信息分析.

主要成果:

  • 确定了与mRNA解码相关的人类核糖体结构的特定进化差异.
  • 观察到mRNA结合和子识别动态的差异.
  • 相关的结构变化与对翻译的功能影响.

结论:

  • 进化已经塑造了人类核糖体的mRNA解码机制.
  • 这些适应影响了蛋白质合成的忠实性和效率.
  • 进一步的研究可以探索与核糖体功能相关的治疗点.