美国政客的语气在2016年初选活动中变得更加消极
Jonathan Külz1, Andreas Spitz2, Ahmad Abu-Akel3
1Department of Computer Science, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany.
Scientific reports
|June 28, 2023
概括
从2016年初选开始,美国的政治辩论变得更加负面. 这一转变是由包括唐纳德·特朗普在内的著名演讲者推动的,标志着政治语调的大幅变化.
科学领域:
- 计算社会科学 计算社会科学
- 心理语言学 心理语言学
- 政治沟通的政治沟通
背景情况:
- 人们普遍认为,美国的政治话语变得更加负面,特别是唐纳德·特朗普进入政治.
- 关于特朗普是否发起了这种消极情绪,还是继续现有的趋势,存在分歧.
- 对这种转变的经验和数据驱动的证据是有限的,因为收集对政治家语言的纵向数据存在挑战.
研究的目的:
- 量化分析在线媒体报道的美国政治家语言中政治语调的演变.
- 调查唐纳德·特朗普的政治起对政治话语消极性的影响.
- 为政治沟通风格的变化提供数据驱动的证据.
主要方法:
- 利用心理语言学工具分析了来自在线新闻来源的2400万个引文.
- 检查了2008年至2020年期间18627名美国政客使用的语言.
- 随着时间的推移,在政治话语中量化了负面情绪词汇的频率.
主要成果:
- 在奥巴马执政期间,负面情绪的词汇频率下降,但在2016年的初选活动中急剧增加.
- 消极度的增加是相当大的 (1.6标准偏差,平均值的8%) 并在各方持续存在.
- 忽略了唐纳德·特朗普的引用,效果大小减少了40%,表明他的重要,虽然不是独家的贡献.
结论:
- 这项研究提供了第一个大规模的,数据驱动的证据,证明了美国政治向更负面的政治语调的急剧转变.
- 唐纳德·特朗普2016年竞选活动的启动是这种明显增加负面语言的催化剂.
- 这些发现对理解美国政治话语的当前状态和轨迹有重大意义.
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