在亲社会决策过程中的皮质底连接性与青春期的行为行为有关
Jessica P Uy1, Andrew J Fuligni1, Naomi I Eisenberger1
1University of California, Los Angeles.
Journal of cognitive neuroscience
|June 29, 2023
概括
青少年的亲社会行为随着年龄的增长而变得更加复杂,受决策价值和接收者的影响. 大脑连接模式,特别是在皮质状网络中,反映了这些正在发展的亲社会决策过程.
科学领域:
- 神经科学是一个神经科学.
- 发展心理学 发展心理学
- 社会神经科学是一种社会神经科学.
背景情况:
- 青少年的亲社会行为显示出越来越多的基于接收者和感知价值与成本的差异化.
- 了解青少年这些复杂的亲社会决策背后的神经机制对于发育研究至关重要.
研究的目的:
- 调查皮质干状网络中的功能连接如何跟踪亲社会决策的价值.
- 检查这种连接方式如何根据目标接收者 (照顾者,朋友,陌生人) 和决策者的年龄而有所不同.
- 将这些神经模式与实际的给予行为联系起来.
主要方法:
- 功能磁共振成像 (fMRI) 用于扫描261名青少年 (9-15岁和19-20岁).
- 参与者完成了一个决策任务,包括向照顾者,朋友和陌生人捐钱.
- 分析的重点是关于决定价值和目标的核 (NAcc) 和轨道前皮层 (OFC) 之间的功能连接.
主要成果:
- 随着决定价值的增加,青少年更有可能捐赠,与陌生人相比,已知的接受者 (照顾者,朋友) 的效果更强.
- 这种价值-收益效应随着年龄的增长而增加.
- 核 accumbens-orbitofrontal皮层的功能连接性随着陌生人的决策价值下降而增加,但未知的其他人,这种模式随着年龄的增长而加强.
- 对于陌生人而不是已知的他人而言,与价值相关的NAcc-OFC连接性更大,与目标之间的给出率差异较小相关.
结论:
- 皮质干状网络的发展在青春期社会行为日益复杂的过程中起着关键作用.
- 神经机制根据接收者和价值区分亲社会决策,这些过程随着年龄的增长而变得更加精细.
更多相关视频
06:42Continuous Theta Burst Stimulation of the Posterior Medial Frontal Cortex to Experimentally Reduce Ideological Threat Responses
Published on: September 28, 2018
11.7K
09:01A Method for Investigating Age-related Differences in the Functional Connectivity of Cognitive Control Networks Associated with Dimensional Change Card Sort Performance
Published on: May 7, 2014
10.2K
相关概念视频
01:18Cognitive Development During Adolescence
85
During adolescence, individuals experience significant cognitive development that enhances their understanding of others' emotions and thoughts, known as cognitive empathy. This period is marked by an increased ability to adapt to others' perspectives and a more nuanced understanding of others' mental states, a skill that is foundational for social problem-solving and conflict avoidance. The development of cognitive empathy relies heavily on the theory of mind — the...
85
02:34Empathy
9.6K
Some researchers suggest that altruism operates on empathy. Empathy is the capacity to understand another person’s perspective, to feel what he or she feels. An empathetic person makes an emotional connection with others and feels compelled to help (Batson, 1991). Empathy can be expressed in several ways, including cognitive, affective, and motor.
9.6K
01:20Decision Making
150
Decision-making is a fundamental cognitive process that involves evaluating alternatives and selecting among them. This process can range from simple choices, such as deciding what to wear, to complex decisions, like choosing a major in college or a career path. The complexity of the decision often dictates the approach we use, which can be broadly categorized into two types: automatic and controlled decision-making.
Automatic decision-making is fast, intuitive, and relies on gut feelings...
Automatic decision-making is fast, intuitive, and relies on gut feelings...
150
01:24Revisionist Views of Adolescent and Adult Cognition
64
A revisionist approach to Jean Piaget's theory of cognitive development has brought new insights that challenge and reinterpret his established ideas. Piaget proposed that the formal operational stage, emerging in adolescence, represents the culmination of cognitive maturity. During this stage, individuals are said to develop abstract thinking, engage in systematic problem-solving, and show a form of egocentrism, believing others are as preoccupied with their behavior as they are...
64
01:17Erikson's Theory on Socioemotional Development during Adolescence
171
Erik Erikson's fifth stage of psychosocial development, "identity versus role confusion," is crucial during adolescence (ages 12 to 18). In this stage, adolescents face the developmental task of forging a distinct personal identity, a process influenced by social, psychological, and biological changes typical of this period. Adolescents naturally explore different roles, behaviors, and ideologies as they navigate complex questions of self-concept, asking, "Who am I?" and...
171
01:21Secondary Motives: Affiliation Motivation and Aggression Motivation
378
Affiliation motivation is the intrinsic desire to connect with others and belong to a social group, which plays a crucial role in forming and maintaining personal relationships. This type of motivation is essential for psychological well-being, as it provides individuals with a sense of community and support. An example of this is a student who joins a study group in order to feel a sense of connection. People with high affiliation motivation actively seek social approval, take satisfaction in...
378