概括
大气中的水收集方法,包括膜,干燥剂和冷凝器,表现出类似的效率. 所有方法都接近最小的热力学工作,以减少低水分的去除,由混合驱动.
科学领域:
- 热力学是一种热力学.
- 环境工程 环境工程
- 材料科学 材料科学 材料科学
背景情况:
- 大气水收获 (AWH) 对缺水地区至关重要.
- 常见的AWH方法包括膜,干燥剂和冷凝器系统.
- 了解这些系统的热力学效率对于优化至关重要.
研究的目的:
- 分析和比较三个常见的 AWH 方法的理想化热力学循环.
- 为了确定膜,干燥剂和冷凝器系统的效率,作为取水率的函数.
- 确定 AWH 过程中热力学工作要求的来源.
主要方法:
- 对膜,干燥剂和冷凝器 AWH 的理想循环进行热力学分析.
- 基于取水率的系统效率评估.
- 计算最低热力学工作要求及其起源.
主要成果:
- 所有三个分析的AWH方法都表现出相对其除水分数的可比效率.
- 对于小的除水分数,所有系统都接近理论上的最小热力学工作.
- 这种最小的工作归因于水与大气界面上的混合.
- 较高的脱水分数需要额外的工作,因为干燥器的输出空气与环境空气混合.
结论:
- 常见的 AWH 方法的热力学性能基本上是相似的.
- 混合的是限制效率的关键因素,特别是在低水提取速度的情况下.
- 优化AWH系统需要仔细考虑混合过程,以提高水回收.
更多相关视频
相关概念视频
Quantifying Work
19.7K
As a system undergoes a change, its internal energy can change, and energy can be transferred from the system to the surroundings, or from the surroundings to the system.
19.7K
Design Example: Design of an Irrigation Channel
145
Trapezoidal channels are widely used in irrigation systems due to their cost-effectiveness and efficiency in conveying water. Trapezoidal channels feature a flat bottom and sloping sides, making them stable and easier to construct compared to other shapes. The bottom width and side slope ratio are determined based on the required flow capacity and site conditions. The side slope is kept gentle for unlined channels to prevent soil erosion.Hydraulic parameters in channel design include the flow...
145
The Water Cycle
24.6K
The Earth’s hydrosphere includes all of the areas where the storage and movement of water occurs. Since water is the basis of all living processes, the cycling of water is extremely important to ecosystem dynamics.
24.6K
Adaptations that Reduce Water Loss
25.8K
Though evaporation from plant leaves drives transpiration, it also results in loss of water. Because water is critical for photosynthetic reactions and other cellular processes, evolutionary pressures on plants in different environments have driven the acquisition of adaptations that reduce water loss.
25.8K
Design Example: Managing Concrete Workability
102
This example deals with managing the workability of concrete for a raft foundation project under hot weather conditions. Workability is crucial for ensuring the concrete is easy to place, compact, and finish. In this scenario, a slump test — a common method to measure the workability of fresh concrete — initially indicated low workability. This was attributed to the rapid water loss from the concrete mix, exacerbated by the high temperatures causing the course aggregates to heat up.
102
Work Done in an Adiabatic Process
3.3K
Consider the adiabatic compression of an ideal gas in the cylinder of an automobile diesel engine. The gasoline vapor is injected into the cylinder of an automobile engine when the piston is in its expanded position. The temperature, pressure, and volume of the resulting gas-air mixture are 20 °C, 1.00 x 105 N/m2, and 240 cm3 , respectively. The mixture is then compressed adiabatically to a volume of 40 cm3. Note that, in the actual operation of an automobile engine, the compression is not...
3.3K


