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与老年人相比,奖励动机更一致地调节年轻人的记忆,在指导式遗忘任务中
Holly J Bowen1, Mary B Hargis2, Diane H Moon1
1Department of Psychology, Southern Methodist University.
Psychology and aging
|June 29, 2023
概括
期待奖励可以提高记忆力,但在年轻人和老年人中不会忘记. 年龄较大的成年人.
科学领域:
- 认知心理学 认知心理学
- 神经科学是一个神经科学.
- 人类发展 人类发展
背景情况:
- 记忆和遗忘对于健康的认知系统至关重要,但容易受到与年龄相关的衰退的影响.
- 众所周知,奖励预期可以改善年轻人和老年人的记忆回忆.
- 激励措施对有针对性的遗忘的影响,特别是在老年人中,仍未得到充分研究.
研究的目的:
- 研究奖励动机如何影响不同年龄组的故意记忆和忘记.
- 为了确定奖励提示呈现的时间是否会影响导向忘记的表现.
- 检查奖励预期对记忆和遗忘的影响与年龄相关的差异.
主要方法:
- 进行了四项在线实验,涉及年轻人和老年人.
- 在编码阶段操纵奖励预期线索,以评估对记忆和遗忘的影响.
- 系统地改变了奖励提示呈现的时间,以评估时间动态.
主要成果:
- 两个年龄组都表现出指导性遗忘,记住的东西比被遗忘的东西更多的被指导的东西.
- 在任何一个年龄组中都没有找到一致的证据证明奖励激励措施可以改善遗忘.
- 年轻的成年人表现出一致的奖励调制记忆,时间的影响最小.
- 老年人表现出对记忆的不一致的奖励效应,只有在试验中期呈现线索时才有增强.
结论:
- 奖励预期可以提高记忆性能,但不能改善遗忘,特别是在年轻人中.
- 老年人的记忆性能不一致地受到奖励的影响,这表明对提示时间的敏感性.
- 奖励预期和海马相互作用的年龄相关变化可能解释了老年人观察到的差异.
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