机器学习方法用于小数据分子科学中的挑战
Bozheng Dou1, Zailiang Zhu1, Ekaterina Merkurjev2
1Research Center of Nonlinear Science, School of Mathematical and Physical Sciences,Wuhan Textile University, Wuhan 430200, P, R. China.
Chemical reviews
|June 29, 2023
概括
分子科学中的小数据挑战是通过先进的机器学习 (ML) 和深度学习 (DL) 技术来解决的. 本综述强调了数据多样性和高维度等问题的解决方案,利用大数据的进步.
科学领域:
- 分子科学,包括化学和生物学科.
- 专注于机器学习 (ML) 和深度学习 (DL) 应用.
背景情况:
- 由于时间,成本,伦理和技术限制而受到限制的小数据在研究中普遍存在.
- 尽管大数据的重点,在ML/DL中,小数据的挑战,包括多样性,归算,噪音,不平衡和高维度是严重的.
- 在大数据的推动下,ML,DL和AI的进步为小数据问题提供了解决方案.
研究的目的:
- 对分子科学中小数据挑战的新兴解决方案进行审查和分析.
- 在过去的十年里,总结了ML和DL在小数据方面的进展.
- 讨论这个领域有前途的未来趋势.
主要方法:
- 基本的ML算法的审查:线性回归,逻辑回归 (LR),k-最近邻居 (KNN),支持向量机器 (SVM),内核学习 (KL),随机森林 (RF),梯度增强树 (GBT).
- 分析先进的DL技术:人工神经网络 (ANN),卷积神经网络 (CNN),U-Net,图形神经网络 (GNN),生成对抗网络 (GAN),长短期记忆 (LSTM),自动编码器,变压器.
- 探索其他方法:转移学习,主动学习,基于图形的半监督学习,混合ML/DL方法和基于物理模型的数据增强.
主要成果:
- 在应用ML和DL来克服分子科学中小数据的局限性方面取得了重大进展.
- 最初为大数据开发的各种先进技术正在证明对小数据场景的有效性.
- 新兴的解决方案解决了诸如数据多样性,归算,噪音,不平衡和高维度等关键问题.
结论:
- 先进的ML和DL技术为分子科学的小数据挑战提供了强大的解决方案.
- 大数据技术与小数据需求之间的协同作用正在推动创新.
- 未来的研究趋势表明,针对小数据问题的专业算法和混合方法的持续开发.
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