药物治疗注意力缺陷/多动障碍对犯罪行为的影响
Tarjei Widding-Havneraas1, Henrik Daae Zachrisson2, Simen Markussen3
1Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway; University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.
概括
对注意力缺陷/多动障碍 (ADHD) 的药物治疗可以减少犯罪,特别是冲动行为. 这项研究发现,ADHD药物在挪威人口样本中降低了与暴力相关的和公共秩序指控.
科学领域:
- 神经科学是一个神经科学.
- 精神病学是一个精神病学.
- 犯罪学 犯罪学
背景情况:
- 注意缺陷/多动症 (ADHD) 与更高的犯罪率有关.
- 关于ADHD药物降低犯罪效应的现有证据有限.
- 在诊所之间存在ADHD药物治疗率的显著差异,受供应商偏好的影响.
研究的目的:
- 为了估计药物治疗ADHD对犯罪结果的因果关系,在4年的时间内.
- 利用提供者治疗偏好的自然变化来评估药物影响.
- 调查ADHD药物和特定类型的刑事指控之间的关系.
主要方法:
- 利用挪威人口级登记数据,用于2009-2011年间被诊断患有多动症的10-18岁患者 (n=5,624).
- 采用仪器变量设计,利用提供者药物偏好的临床间变化.
- 在治疗边缘的患者中分析了与ADHD药物使用有关的随后的刑事指控.
主要成果:
- 与一般人口相比,ADHD患者的犯罪率较高.
- 仪器变量分析表明,多动症药物对与暴力有关的 (NNT=14) 和公共秩序 (NNT=8) 费用有保护作用.
- 对于与毒品,交通,性或财产相关的刑事指控,没有观察到显著的影响.
结论:
- 这项研究提供了第一个证据,证明多动症药物对特定犯罪类型的因果作用,在基于人口的自然实验中.
- 对ADHD的药物治疗表明,与冲动反应行为相关的犯罪减少.
- 没有发现对需要犯罪意图,阴谋或策划的犯罪行为产生影响.
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