一个优先的草原鸟类的全国性崩与畜牧业的转换和强化有关
João Paulo Silva1,2,3, Ana Teresa Marques4,5,6, Carlos Carrapato7
1CIBIO, Centro de Investigação em Biodiversidade e Recursos Genéticos, InBIO Laboratório Associado, Universidade do Porto, Campus de Vairão, 4485-661, Vairão, Portugal. jpsilva@cibio.up.pt.
Scientific reports
|June 29, 2023
概括
葡萄牙的小鸟种群已经崩,自2006年以来下降了77%,即使在保护区内也大幅下降. 迫切需要保护,以防止灭绝.
科学领域:
- 鸟类学 鸟类学是一门学科.
- 保护生物学 保护生物学
- 生态生态学 生态生态学
背景情况:
- 草原鸟类,包括小,由于农业的强化,在欧洲受到严重威胁.
- 根据欧洲指令,小鱼是优先种类,导致葡萄牙建立特别保护区 (SPA).
- 之前的调查表明,人口正在减少,需要持续监测.
研究的目的:
- 根据2022年全国调查,评估葡萄牙小鸟目前的种群状况.
- 分析人口趋势并确定人口减少的主要驱动因素,特别是与保护区和土地利用变化有关的因素.
- 评估特别保护区 (SPA) 在保护物种方面的有效性.
主要方法:
- 在2022年对小胡子种群进行了第三次全国调查.
- 将2022年人口数据与2006年和2016年以前的调查数据进行了比较.
- 在2006年至2022年间,分析了49个地点的繁殖密度,与土地利用变化 (牲畜养殖率,道路密度,农业转换) 和息地类型相关.
主要成果:
- 与2006年和2016年相比,小鸟种群的数量分别下降了77%和56%.
- 这种物种在特殊保护区以外已经基本消失,特别保护区内的种群每年减少9%,是以前的两倍.
- 观察到,在初始公牛密度较高,牛群数量增加,道路密度增加的地区,下降幅度更大. 农业转向牛肉生产和特殊保护区以外的永久作物对息地产生了重大影响,并导致了下降.
结论:
- 葡萄牙的小鸟种群正在经历严重和加速的崩,特殊保护区未能阻止这种下降.
- 农业强化,特别是牛肉生产和转换为永久作物,以及息地破坏和碎片化,是主要的驱动因素.
- 如果没有立即的保护干预,葡萄牙小鸟的灭绝是迫在眉的.
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