在COVID-19时代,用于放射学和深度学习的基于补丁的循环一致的生成对抗网络 (Cycle-GAN) 的非对比CT合成
Reza Kalantar1, Sumeet Hindocha1,2,3,4, Benjamin Hunter3,4
1Division of Radiotherapy and Imaging, the Institute of Cancer, London, SM2 5NG, UK.
Scientific reports
|June 29, 2023
概括
生成对抗网络 (GAN) 可以为COVID-19研究创建现实的合成CT图像. 然而,在机器学习模型中使用这些GAN合成图像降低了性能,并警告不要在医学成像应用中使用它们.
科学领域:
- 医疗成像医学成像
- 人工智能的人工智能
- 无线电学 (Radiomics) 是一种无线电学.
背景情况:
- 手工制作和深度学习 (DL) 放射学是使用计算机断层扫描 (CT) 进行COVID-19研究的AI模型的关键.
- 现实世界的数据对比异质性可能会对AI模型性能产生负面影响.
- 建议使用对比均的数据集来缓解性能问题.
研究的目的:
- 开发和评估基于3D补丁的循环一致的生成对抗网络 (循环-GAN),用于从对比增强扫描中合成非对比CT图像.
- 评估GAN合成图像在COVID-19研究中的数据同质化的实用性.
- 用手工制作的放射学,DL和人类评估来评估GAN生成图像的性能.
主要方法:
- 开发了一个循环-GAN模型,从对比度增强的CTs中合成非对比度CT图像.
- 使用了2078个COVID-19患者扫描的多中心数据集.
- 评估包括为人类专家修改的图灵测试,放射性特征分析和DL分类性能测试.
主要成果:
- 人类专家在将合成图像与真实图像区分时实现了67%的错误阳性率,这表明高摄影现实主义.
- 当使用从合成图像中提取的放射性特征时,机器学习分类器的性能下降.
- 在GAN前和后合成的非对比图像之间观察到特征值的明显差异,DL分类性能也在恶化.
结论:
- 虽然循环GAN可以生成通过人类评估的光现实合成医疗图像,但它们在AI模型中的使用需要谨慎.
- 观察到的性能降低表明,GAN合成的图像可能不适合所有医学成像AI应用.
- 需要进一步的研究来了解GAN生成的数据对医疗成像下游机器学习任务的影响.
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