巴西土著居民的疫苗覆盖率和实验室确认的症状和严重Covid-19的有效性:一个队列研究
Julia M Pescarini1,2, Andrey M Cardoso3, Ricardo Ventura Santos4,5
1Center of Data and Knowledge Integration for Health (Cidacs), Fiocruz, Salvador, BA, Brazil. julia.pescarini1@lshtm.ac.uk.
BMC public health
|June 29, 2023
概括
在巴西原住民中,COVID-19疫苗的有效率为53%的症状病例和96%的住院后预防死亡. 尽管最初的疫苗覆盖率较低,但这些发现强调了需要扩大原住民群体的接种和强剂量.
科学领域:
- 流行病学 流行病学
- 公共卫生 公共卫生
- 免疫学 免疫学 免疫学
背景情况:
- 原住民面临不成比例的健康负担,包括更容易感染呼吸道感染和更少获得医疗保健.
- 历史上的流行病对全球土著社区产生了毁灭性的影响.
- 这项研究侧重于巴西土著人民在COVID-19方面面临的具体挑战.
研究的目的:
- 为了估计巴西土著人民中COVID-19疫苗的覆盖率.
- 评估COVID-19疫苗 (CoronaVac,ChAdOx1,BNT162b2) 对实验室确认的COVID-19病例,死亡率,住院和进入重症监护室 (ICU) 或死亡的有效性.
- 将土著人口的疫苗有效性与巴西总人口进行比较.
主要方法:
- 一项队列研究将全国范围内的COVID-19疫苗接种数据与5岁及以上的土著人的流感样监测记录联系起来.
- 疫苗接种状态根据剂量时间被分类为未暴露,部分接种和完全接种.
- 普森回归被用来计算相对风险 (RR) 和疫苗有效性 (VE),VE计算为 (1-RR) *100.
主要成果:
- 到2022年3月1日,只有48.7%的符合条件的土著人被完全接种了疫苗,而所有巴西人的74.8%.
- 完全接种疫苗的土著人显示,症状性COVID-19的风险降低 (VE:53%) 和死亡率 (VE:53%).
- 虽然疫苗接种并没有降低整体住院率,但它显著降低了住院患者进入ICU或死亡的风险 (VE:ICU的87%,死亡的96%).
结论:
- 巴西原住民的COVID-19疫苗覆盖率较低,需要扩大接种和及时管理的策略.
- 针对严重后果的COVID-19疫苗的有效性在土著和巴西普通人口之间是可比的.
- 紧急推出增强剂量至关重要,以加强土著社区对COVID-19的保护.
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