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在加利福尼亚州两个景观中,蜜蜂和本土蜜蜂之间存在剥削竞争的证据

Maureen L Page^1,2, Neal M Williams¹

¹Department of Entomology and Nematology, University of California, Davis, California, USA.

The Journal of animal ecology

|June 30, 2023

概括

被管理的蜜蜂 (Apis mellifera) 与本地蜜蜂争夺花资源. 增加蜜蜂的丰富性减少了资源的可用性,并改变了本地蜜蜂的食,影响了蜜蜂保护工作.

科学领域:

生态生态学生态生态学
保护生物学保护生物学
昆虫学昆虫学是一门学科.

背景情况:

人类介导的物种引入,如管理的蜜蜂 (Apis mellifera),提供了对跨物种竞争动态的见解.
虽然蜜蜂和本土蜜蜂之间的植物资源重叠已被记录,但对资源可用性和本土蜜蜂访问的同时影响仍未得到充分研究.

研究的目的:

调查增加蜜蜂丰富度对本地蜜蜂访问,花粉饮食和加利福尼亚生态系统中的花资源可用性的影响.
评估蜜蜂竞争如何影响本地蜜蜂社区的利基重叠和授粉者专业化.

主要方法:

在两个加利福尼亚景观 (中央山谷和内华达山脉) 中收集关于蜜蜂访问,花粉和花蜜可用性以及花粉负载的现场数据.
建立植物-授粉者访问网络,以量化感知到的明显竞争 (PAC) 和授粉者专业化 (d).
将观察到的PAC值与零模型进行比较,以评估与物种丰度相对的利基重叠的变化.

主要成果:

蜜蜂竞争显著增加了蜜蜂和本土蜜蜂之间的利基重叠.
增加蜜蜂的数量与花粉和花蜜在花朵中的可用性减少有关.
本地蜜蜂群体在花访问中表现出转变,一些物种变得更加专业化,而另一些物种变得更加通用.

结论:

蜜蜂的剥削性竞争对本地蜜蜂的食和资源可用性产生了负面影响,这两种生态系统都受到研究.
本地蜜蜂可以通过改变花偏好来适应,但它们与蜜蜂的共存取决于足够的花资源.
保护战略应侧重于保护和增加花资源,以减轻蜜蜂竞争对本土蜜蜂种群的不利影响.

关键词:

竞争竞争竞争竞争竞争竞争蜜蜂,蜜蜂,蜂蜜,蜂蜜,蜂蜜,蜂蜜,蜂蜜,蜂蜜,蜂蜜,蜂蜜,蜂蜜,蜂蜜本土蜜蜂本地蜜蜂本地蜜蜂蜜汁和花蜜是不同的.利基领域的重叠.植物与授粉者相互作用对于花粉来说,这是一个很好的选择.授粉网络是一个授粉网络.

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